THE OXFORD CLASSICAL DICTIONARY

THE OXFORD

CLASSICAL

THIRD EDITION

Edited by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth

OXFORD

UNIVERSITY PRESS

OXPORD

UNIVERSITY PRESS

Great Clarendon Street, Oxford 0x2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.

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First published 1996

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British Libraty Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data The Oxford classical dictionary / edited by Simon Homblower and Anthony Spawforth — 3rd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Classical dictionaries. I. Homblower, Simon. II. Spawforth, Anthony. 938'.003 — dc20 DE5.09 1996 96-5352 ISBN 0-19-866172-X 3579 10 864

Typeset by Selwood Systems, Midsomer Norton Printed in the United States of America on acid-ffee paper

CONTENTS

Preface

vii

List of New Entries

xi

Area Advisors

XV

CONTRIBUTORS

xvii

Abbreviations

xxix

Note to Readers

lv

The Oxford Classical Dictionary

1

PREFACE

1 . The usejulness of the Oxford Classical Dictionary

As an authoritative one-volume guide to all aspects of the ancient world, OCD has no competitor in any language. At one and the same time it offers, across the whole range of the study of the ancient world, both information presented in a form accessible to non-specialists and factual material and bibliographies detailed and specific enough to be valuable to the professional reader. No other single-volume work of reference remotely approaches OCD in the sheer quality of factual detail contained, and all our informal enquiries at the outset of this project showed that scholars and non-specialists alike turn to OCD for quick but authoritative and well-documented answers to concrete questions about the ancient world.

2. The needfor a new edition

The second edition, published in 1970 but conceived and written in the mid- to late 1960s, had come to seem very dated by the early 1990s. The intervening quarter-century had seen an explosion of scholarship, much of it important and innovative, in all areas covered. The individual bibliographies, which were so valuable a feature of OCD2, instantly betray the date of the material prefaced to them (and this of course will be no less true of the present edition). But the problem went deeper than that. The second edition itself contained much that was relatively lightly revised and carried over much material scarcely altered ffom the first edition of 1949. For instance, Greek religion and Greek economic life looked not much different in 1970 from the way they had looked in 1949, and it was obvious in 1990 that a complete overhaul was needed ofthese areas. Then there were the areas scarcely represented in the old editions because as fields of study they hardly existed at the time, notably the history of women, and topics (such as the near east) neglected because classical antiquity was conceived then in narrower terms than now (more on both these points below). Overall, that a new and up-to-date edition was called for in the 1990s is, we hope, uncontroversial.

3. The third edition

The new and largely rewritten edition gathers 6,250 contributions written by an international team of 364 scholars between 1991 and 1994. Five guiding principies have shaped its form and content:

Specificity Because so much of OCD’ s value rests with its factual coverage, part of our task was simply to organize the updating or replacement of the existing material in the dictionary, and to fili in gaps in the coverage of OCD2 on its own terms. Every 1970 entry has been looked at by an expert or by ourselves; the very few retained unchanged are mostly extremely short entries (one important exception is H. T. Wade-Gery’s article on ‘Thucydides’, an established classic ffom the 1949 edition, reprinted here, as in the second edition, but with a new section on work since 1970). By the same token, we have been very reluctant to cut back on factual material or to jettison whole entries altogether (except — rarely — where their usefulness now seems doubt- ful, as with the old entries for individual Greek pot-painters, here suppressed).

A less traditional OCD but with the same title As to definition and scope, we had no doubt that the centrality of Greece and Rome should be retained in the new edition and for this reason we have kept the old title. But our feeling was that in earlier editions a certain top-heaviness in favour of the purely literary aspects of those cultures was detectable and needed correcting.

vu

Preface

First, we have tried to give a voice to the increasingly interdisciplinary character of classical studies. Thus we reject the sharp distinction made in the Preface to the second edition between ‘classical’ and ‘archaeological’. In keeping with modern trends in our discipline, we have tried to integrate archaeological and non-archaeological methods and evidence. But, rather than seeking to single out archaeology alone, we have preferred to emphasize the whole range of disciplines informing classical studies these days: hence, for instance, the new entries on ‘anthropology and the classics’, ‘literary theory and classical studies’, and ‘Marxism and classical antiquity’.

Secondly, we have sought to give more space to previously underrepresented areas — not least the history of women, along with the whole area of ancient sexuality (sufficiently inchoate as late as the mid-1960s for the entry on ‘homosexuality’ in this edition to be a new departure). We have also aimed to enhance the amount of coverage given to regions and cultures beyond the core areas of Greece and Italy. Whereas treatment of Rome’s provinces (especially the Western ones) has always been fairly thorough, the near-eastern world with which the Greeks (and Romans) interacted so fruitfully had — we felt — been given less than its due in previous editions. With the help of our three expert advisors on respectively women, the near east, and the Jews (for their names see p. xv) we have sought to remedy these weaknesses.

More thematic entries It was our firm belief that a new OCD should, subject to the retention of the specificity insisted on already, be much more thematic than its predecessors. Our enquiries stressed the needs of general readers looking for synoptic and accessible treatment of large topics stili immediately relevant to the late twentieth century. Such readers, especially North American ones accustomed to thematically presented works of reference, ought to be catered for better than in the second edition. From the list of ‘new entries’ annexed to this Preface (p. xi below) it will be seen at a glance how far we have gone in this direction (for example, apart ffom ones already mentioned, ‘disease’, ‘ecology’, 'economy’, ‘imperialism’, ‘literacy’, ‘motherhood’, and ‘technology’). As a resuit, the new OCD has a flavour quite different ffom its predecessors.

Accessibility An important element in the philosophy governing this edition has been accessibil- ity. Thus in the new edition, untranslated Greek and Latin has been kept to a minimum and plain English has been preferred to the ‘mandarin’ which sometimes characterized earlier editions. Generally, contributors were asked to express themselves in a manner intelligible to non-specialists. In order to save space and achieve a less cluttered-looking text, we have, to indicate cross-references, used asterisks in ffont of words rather than q.v. Two specific issues raised by this general philosophy of accessibility need flagging here.

First, there is a close connection between our desire for accessibility and the spelling of ancient (especially Greek) names. We were convinced that the more familiar form, which is usually the Latin one, should be preferred (for example, Aeschylus not Aiskhylos, Corinth not Korinth). The Graeco-Roman world, like the biblical, stili remains a part of the common anglophone heritage. In a work of reference aimed at a general (as well as a specialist) readership, familiar spellings long domesticated in the English language should not, therefore, be jettisoned for the esoteric (any more than editors of biblical companions refer their users to the New Testament books of ‘Markos’, ‘Timotheos’, etc.). In preferring to be helpful, we do not claim to have been absolutely consistent, and have therefore included cross-references in doubtful cases (thus under ‘Kronos’ there is an entry ‘see Cronus’).

Secondly, we have departed ffom the traditional form in which OCD lists Roman proper names of the republican and imperial periods (up to about ad 275). Instead of doing so by cognomen, we list by nomen — the logical and professional practice followed by Standard works of reference such as Pauly-Wissowa's Real-Encyclopadie. In this way we have got rid of the absurd anomaly whereby, for instance, brothers ffom the gens Aemilia appeared under different letters of the alphabet (Lepidus; Paullus). For further details readers are directed to the Note to Readers (p. lv, below).

viii

Preface

One innovation in 1970 has been dropped in this edition: the index of names etc. not featured as headwords in the dictionary (this was not an index in the conventional sense but a long alphabetical list of cross-references of the form ‘Incense, see sacrifice; prayer’). Enquiries and our own experience suggested that this tool was, however useful in theory, not much used in practice; some of those to whom we asked for comment were actually unaware that it existed. Instead we have included (in this respect reverting to the practice of the first edition of 1949) a large number of ‘signpost’ cross-references in the body of the dictionary — the natural and time- saving place for them. Thus under 'malaria’ you will find 'See disease’ and under 'Ulysses' you will find 'See odysseus’. We have also included plenty of thematic signposts such as 'demography See population’ or ‘representation, representative government See demes; federal States’. One reason for the old index has in any case been removed by our adoption of a more systematic and professional principle of ordering Roman names: some of the old index entries were evidently designed to lessen the confusion caused by operating a double system of nomen/ cognomen. Many names in the old index now have new full-length entries of their own in the dictionary itself, such as Cytinium, Eucratides, Hippodamia, Scyros, Torone, and Xanthus (the Lycian city).

An international OCD We were concerned not to make the new OCD too parochially British — a criticism levelled by implication at the first edition and which the second edition did little to offset. This is not just internationalism for its own sake: the aim of all concerned has been to secure the best experts on the topics covered, wherever in the world they happen to be. So, in Greek religion alone, the distinguished team of contributors for OCD3 is drawn ffom Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Israel, the Netherlands, Great Britain, the United States, and Switzerland.

4. Format

In order to achieve the improved coverage on the lines outlined above, the new edition is some 30 per cent bigger than its predecessor. It retains the same basic format as the second edition — that is, a single alphabetically arranged volume, laid out in two columns, and without illus- trations or maps. We were happy with this restriction, not least because to depart ffom it would make the book unwieldy and very expensive.

5. Acknowledgements

As edilors we took on direct responsibility for revising about half the dictionary (the areas of Greek and Roman history, Greek law, historiography, art, and archaeology). For the other half, we relied on the help of a team of expert advisors (for a list see p. xv). If the new edition is judged a success, it is in no small part their doing, and we wish to put on record our heartfelt thanks to them, not least for the occasions on which individual advisors went well beyond the call of duty in giving us help. In particular, we acknowledge with deep gratitude the work of E. Badian, who, in and beyond his role as area advisor, spent a week in England during May 1994 correcting the numerous errors arising ffom our reorganization of the listing of Roman proper names (see above).

We acknowledge extra help ffom a number of individuals, some of them contributors, some not: Gisa Bielfeldt (for translation of some German entries which arrived at a late stage) and, for advice and comments on particular problems: Peter Jones, Lisa Kallet-Marx, Fergus Millar, Robin Osborne, and Bili Parry. The staff of the Hellenic and Roman Societies Library, London, deserve special thanks for their invariable helpfulness. Fred Williams generously helped with the proofs.

At the Press, both academic editors wish to record their appreciation of the unswerving support, good sense, and hard work of Pam Coote, the in-house editor of the Reference Division,

IX

Preface

and the prompt and good-humoured efficiency of her assistant Wendy Tuckey. Copy-editing was mainly done by Julian Ward, to whom we pay tribute for his splendid efforts on this vast task during the academic year 1994-5. We are grateful to Alysoun Owen for her cheerful and effective day-to-day guidance of the project during the production stage. Antony Spawforth would like to thank Newcastle upon Tyne University for a ternis leave at a critical stage and the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, where he corrected proofs in ideal surroundings.

Although this Preface is not the place for mutual self-congratulation, it may as well be recorded (since not all academic collaborations end so happily) that the harmonious working relationship of the two academic editors — forged in Athens between 1979 and 1989, when both had lectured to courses for schoolteachers at the British School — was only strengthened by the years of collaboration over OCD; and that mutual respect grew as the OCD job grew — or rather, as its true and terrible size became apparent.

The postscript to the ninth (1940) edition of Liddell and Scotts Greek-English Lexicon ends with the moving words: ‘the monument of unselfish industry is at last complete’. This edition of OCD was not so long in gestation as LSJ9, and we hesitate — and not just ffom modesty — to claim all the altruism implidt in that ‘unselfish’. Nevertheless, the pressures of university life are now in the direction of selfish productivity at the level of pure research. It is therefore profoundly encouraging that our contributors and area advisors were willing to make time and effort available for a collective (but we hope also Creative) work of synthesis like this new edition of OCD, and to provide us and above all the book’s users with work of such extraordinarily high quality. We hope and believe that OCD3 is not merely an authoritative summing-up of classical scholarship, broadly defined, as it was in 1991-4 (no small achievement if true); but that the entries, particularly but by no means only the thematic ones, are stimulating and original enough to make a difference to the way their various subjects are viewed in the future.

Simon Hornblower Antony Spawforth 1996

LIST OF NEW ENTRIES

abortion Acanthus Achaemenid art Achaia, province acoustics Acquarossa Acraephnium Acts of the Apostles Ada

Adrastus the Peripatetic

Aedepsus

Aegium

Aegosthena

Aemilius Laetus, Quintus

Aerope

aesthetics

Aeternitas

Aerius of Amida

Aezani

Africa (Libya), exploration Agathocles of Cyzicus Agathos Daimon age

age classes Aglaurus Agnodice agOge

agrarian laws and policy

agricultural writers, ancient

Ahhiyawa

Ahuramazda

Ai Khanoum

Akkadian

alcoholism

Alexander of Tralles

Alexander Philalethes

Alexandria Troas

Alfenus Senecio, Lucius

Alinda

alliance (symmachia in 0CD2 )

Alope

Amathus

Ambrosiaster

Ammaedara

Amorgos

amphorae and amphora stamps, Greek amphorae and amphora stamps, Roman Amyzon Anacreontea Anatolian languages Andron, son of Androrion Anicia luliana Anicius Faustus, Quintus animals, attitudes to Annius Verus, Marcus Anthedon anthropology

anthropology and the dassics Antiochus Chuzon Antissa

Antisrius Adventus Postumius

Aquilinus, Marcus apadana Apame Aphrodisias Aphrodisias, school of apocalyptic literature apoikia Apollinarius

Apollodorus son of Pasion

apologists, Christian

Arabs

Aramaic

Arcadian League

Arcadius Charisius

arches

archaeology, underwater Archelaus of Cappadocia Archidamian War architects

Arginusae, battle of Arianism Aristeas, Letter of Aristion / Athenion Aristius Fuscus, Marcus aristocracy, attitudes to Armilustrium arrephoria

art, ancient attitudes to art, funerary, Roman art, funerary, Greek Artaxerxes IV Artaxerxes V Artemisium, battle of artisans and craftsmen Aryan asceticism Ascra

Asia, South-East Asia Minor Asianism and Atticism Asine (Argolid)

Ashoka

assembly, Macedonian astronomical instruments Astyochus Athalaric

Athens (prehistoric)

Athens (Roman)

Atina

atomism

Aufidius Victorinus, Gaius augurium salutis Augustales Augusta Traiana Aurelius Cleander, Marcus autochthons Avaro-Slav invasions Avitus, Eparchius

Babatha

Bacchius

Baebius Tamphilus, Gnaeus barbarian

Barium

Bassaeus Rufus, Marcus

Basile

bematists

Bisitun

body

Boedromia

Boethius’ musical wrirings

books, poeric

booty

Borsippa

Bouphonia

Bouzyges

breast-feeding

bribery (Greek)

brigandage

Bruttius Praesens, Gaius building materials (late Roman)

bureaucracy (Greek) Buxentum

Calauria

Callias son of Calliades Callias of Sphettus Callias, Peace of Callicles

Callimachus of Bithynia Callipolis

Calpurnius Piso, Gnaeus (consul 23 bc)

Calymnos

carneos

Camirus

Canace

cannibalism

canon

capitalism

captatio benevolentiae careers

Carmen de bello Aegyptiaco

Carmen Priami

Carpathos

Carrara

Cassiope

catoptrics

Caunus

Celeus

cemeteries

Cenchreae

Ceos

Cephallenia

ceramics

Ceramicus

cereals

character

chastity (Chrisrianity and) childbirth

Chronicon Paschale Chrysermus chthonian gods churches Chythri

Cilician Gates Ciris

class struggle classicism Claudius Maximus Claudius Subatianus Aquila, Tiberius Cleonymus climate dosure

Cnossus (Greek and Roman) Collatio legum Romanarum et Mosaicarum Comanus of Naucratis Commagene (pre-Seleucid) Commentariolum petitionis Consentia

constitution, Antonine

contraception

convivium

Copae

Corinth, League(s) of Corinthian cults and myths Corinthian War Cornelius Anullinus, Publius Cornelius Lentulus (consul 201

BC)

Coronea, battles of

corruption

Corybantes

Cossutii

costus

cotton

Cretan cults and myths

Crimissa

cuneiform

Curium

Cynoscephalae

Cynuria

Cytinium

dadouchos

Daeira

Damasus I, Pope Danae Datames Datis the Mede Daunians Dead Sea Scrolls death, attitudes to debt

decision-making (Greek)

defensor civitatis

deformity

deisidaimonia

Delion

demagogues

Demaratus of Corinth

Demetrius of Apamea

democracy (non-Athenian)

Despoina

deus/divus

diagnosis

Xl

List of New Entries

dialects, Greek ‘Prehistory’

Flaminius, Gaius, the Younger

Diasia

flight of the mind

Didascalia Apostolorum

Fontinalia

dining rooms

food supply

Diocles of Peparethos

Forma Urbis

diolkos

forum

Dionysius of Miletus

forum Boarium

Dionysus, artists of

free cities

Diopeithes, decree of

freedom in the ancient world

Dioscurides Phacas

friendship, Greece

Dirce

friendship, ritualized

disease

Fritigern

Divalia

Fulvia Plautilla

Docimium

Domitius Tullus, Gnaeus

Furius Victorinus, Titus

Dorian festivals

Galilee

drama, Roman

Gandhara

dreams

Gaudentius

Dyme

Gaugamela, battle of

Gavius Maximus, Marcus

earthquakes

genealogy

Ebla

genre

eclipses

geocentricity

ecology

Germanic languages

economic theory, Greek

Gerrha

economy, Greek

gift, Greece

economy, Hellenistic

Gildo

economy, Roman

Gla

Egypt (pre-Ptolemaic)

Glauce

eiresiOnC

golden age

Elam/Elamite

govemment / administration,

embryology

Greek

emporion ( = trading place)

Graeco-Persian style

Endius

granaries

endogamy

Granicus, battle of

Ephesus (late antiquity)

Greece (stone age)

Ephyra

Greece (Roman)

epic

Greek language

epic, biblical

Grumentum

Epigonus

Epistle to Diognetus

gynaecology

Equirria

Hagesander, Athanodorus, and

Eratocles

Polydorus

Eresus

Halieis

Erucius Clarus, Sextus

Halimous

Erythrae (late antiquity)

Haloa

Essenes

Hama

ethnici ty

Hasmoneans

Eucratides I

HattuSa

Euctemon

healing gods

euergetism

Hecatompylus

Eumaeus

Hegetor

eunuchs (secular)

Hellanicus (grammarian)

Eurystheus

Helle

evidence, ancient attitudes to

Hellenism, Hellenization

exile, Greek

Hellenistic poetry at Rome

experiment

Heraion

Ezechiel

Hermias (author)

Hierocles’ Synekdemos

Fabius Sanga, Quintus

Hilaria

fairs

hippeis ( = aristocracies)

family, Roman

Hippeis ( = Spartan elite)

famine

Hippodamia

fantastic literature

Hipponium

farm buildings

Hittites

Fayiim

homosexuality

%

Horatii, oath of the

Filocalus, Furius Dionysius

hospitium

fishing

household

housework

Larentalia

hubris

Latin, mediaeval

humours

law, Roman, sociology of

Hyacinthides

law and procedure, Athenian

hydrostatics

(dike in OCD2)

Hydruntum

law and procedure, Roman:

Hyettus

civil

Hymettus

law in Greece

hypothesis, scientific and

law of nature

literary

leases, agricultural

Hyrnetho

Lechaeum

Hysiae

Lefkandi

hysteria

Lerna ('House of Tiles') Leucippides

Ialysus

Leuctra, battle of

Iambe

libations

lasos

Lichas

Icaros (Failaka)

Lindus

Icaros (near Samos)

linen

Idalium

linguistics

Idrieus

linguistics (ancient)

Illyrian, language

literacy

imagery

literary theory and classical

Imbros

studies

imitatio

literature, legal

imperialism

lituus

incense

locatio conductio

incense in religion

locus amoenus

incest

logistics, Greek, military

Indo-European and Indo-

Lollianus

Europe ans

love and friendship

Indo-Greeks

Luceria

infanticide

Lupiae

initiation

Lycian language

instauratio

Lycosura

interpolations

Lycus

intolerance, intellectual and

Lydian language

religious

Lysanias of Mallus

invective

Ionian festivals

Lysippus, school of

Ionian Revolt

Maccabees

Ipsus, battle of

Macedonian language

irrigation

magister memoriae,

Ishtar

epistularum, libellorum

islands

Magnesia, battle of

isonomia

magus/magi

Issus, battle of

makarismos

Iulia Balbilla

mandate

Iulius Avitus

Mandulis

Iulius Verus, Gnaeus

Mantias

Iunius Rusticus, Quintus

Mantinea, battles of

Marakanda / Samarkhand

Judaea

Marathon, battle of

judges, foreign

Margites

Justinian's codification

Mari

Mariccus

Kings Peace

Marium-Arsinoe

kingship (monarchy in OCD2)

markets and fairs

kinship

Martius Verus, Publius

Kourotrophos

Marxism and classical antiquity masks

labour

Maternus

Lamian War

matrilocality

land division, Greek

Mauryas

landscapes, ancient Greek

Maximianus (poet)

Laodice, daughter of

Mazaeus

Mithradates of Pontus

mechanics

Laodicea-Nihavend

Medism

Laos

Mediterranean

Xll

List of New Entries

Meditrinalia

Medma

Meilichios

Melicertes

Memnon, colossi of

Mende

Menelaion (Therapne in OCD2 ) menopause menstruation Mesomedes Messapie, language metaphor and simile Methana Methodius Methone in Pieria Methone in Peloponnese Methymna

Metiochus and Parthenope

midrash

midwives

Miletus (late antiquity) military training, Greek Mishnah

Mons Claudianus monsoon Monte Testaccio motherhood Munichia (festival) mountains Mycenaean language Mylasa (late antiquity) Myra

Myron of Priene myrrh Myrrha Mytilene

Naassenes

Naqs i Rustam

narrative, narration

nationalism

navicularii

negotiatores

Nemea, battle of the

Nemrut Dag

neOkoros

neutrali ty

Nimrud

Nineveh

Nisyros

nomads

Nubia

numen

nymphaeum

oaths

obligation

Oeniadae

Oenoanda

Old Oligarch, the

Old Persian

Oplontis

opties

oracles (late antiquity) orality

orders, architectural Oreithyia

oriental cults and religion

orientalising

orientalism

Orsippus

Oscan and Umbrian Oschophoria

ownership, Greek ideas about Oxus treasure

paganism

painting (techniques)

palaces

Pandion

Pandora

Pandosia

Pandrosus

Panhellenion

panhellenism

Pasargadae

pastoralism

Patara

pathology

patrios polifeia

patronage, non-literary

patronomos

Paul, St

Paul of Aegina

Paulinus of Pella

peasants

Pedanius Fuscus Salinator, Gnaeus Pelasgiotis Pelias Pentelicon Peparethos Perachora

Pergamum (late antiquity) Pericles of Limyra Persian Gulf Persian-Wars tradition Pessinus Petelia Phalaecus Pharisees pharmacology philhellenism (in Roman republican history)

Philon the Dialectician Philogelos

Philonides (Epicurean) philosophers and politics philosophers on poetry philotimia

Phormion (Athenian banker) Phrygian language Phyromachus Pietrabbondante pilgrimage (Christian)

Pittheus

Pixodarus

plague

Plataea, battle of Plataea, oath of piate, precious Pleuron Plynteria pneuma pneumaties Pneumatists

Pnyx

Poggio Civitate political theory politics pollution Polycles

Pompeius Falco, Quintus Porphyry‘s music theory portents Potentia

pottery (Greek), inscriptions on

pottery, Roman pottery, scientific analysis praefectus praetorio (late antiquity)

pre-alphabetic Scripts, Greece pre-Greek languages priamel

princeps senatus Probus, Sextus Claudius Petronius propaganda prosopography prostitution (secular) Providentia prytaneion Psammetichus I Ptoion

Ptolemaeus Epithetes Ptolemais of Cyrene punishment, Greek theories about

purification (Greek)

Pyanopsia

Pydna

Pyrrha

quaestor (sacri palatii) quarries Quinquatrus Quintilii brothers

rabbis race Raphia reception reciprocity, Greece records and record-keeping, attitudes to register (Latin) religion, Jewish restitution

retrospective styles, artistic

Riace warriors

rites of passage

ritual

Rogozen

Romanization

Royal Road

Rudiae

Saba, St

Sadducees

Saites

Salamis, battle of

Salernum

Samaria

sanctuaries

sanitation

Sardis (late antiquity)

Sarepta

Satraps' Revolt

scholarship, classical, history of

Sciathos

Scione

Scyros

Scythopolis (Israel) sea power Second Sophistic Seleucids sellisternium Semitic semitism, anti- senators, patterns of recruitment Septimius Geta, Publius Sestius, Lucius Settefinestre

Seven Against Thebes (play) Seven Sages

Seven Wonders ofthe Ancient World sexuality

shipwrecks, ancient Sicily/ Magna Graecia, cults and mythology Sigeum silence Simitthus Sindos

Sinuri, sanctuary of

Siphnos

Sippar

Siwa

slingers

Smyrna (late antiquity) snakes

Solarium Augusti Sopater (rhetor)

Spain, pre-Roman Scripts and languages

Sparta (pre-classical)

Sparta (site)

speech presentation

sphragis

spices

Stagira

stasis

staties

statues, cult of status, legal and social Stoa, painted (Poecile)

Stobi

Stoicism (Stoa (1) in OCD2)

Stratonice

Stymphalus

sublime

Suessa Aurunca

Sufetula

suicide

Sumerian

suovetaurilia

superstitio

synagogue

Synnada

Syrianus

xiii

List of New Entries

tabula Irnitana

Thibron (late 4th cent.

Talmud

Spartan)

Tarraconensis

Thirty Years Peace

Tartarus

Thisbe

Taruttienus Patemus, Publius

tholos

Tatian

Thori cus

Teanum Sidicinum

Thrasyllus (5th cent. Athenian)

technology

Tigidius Perennis, Sextus

Tegianum

Timocharis

Tegyra

topos

Temesa

Torone

templum

tourism

Tenos

trade

textile production

traders

Theagenes of Thasos

tragedy, Latin

theatre production, Greek

Trajans Column

theatre staging, Greek

Tralles (late antiquity)

theodicy

transhumance

Theodoric, son of Triarius

translation

Theodosian Code

transvestism, ritual

Theophilus of Antioch

trigonometry

Thermopylae, battle of

Triptolemus

Thessaliotis

Troezen

theurgy

Tubilustrium

Tylos

vivisection

Tyro

Vix

Volcei

Ugarit/ Ras Shamra

Ulfila

wages

Urartu

warfare, attitudes to (Greek

urbanism (towns in 0CD2 )

and Hellenistic)

Uruk

water supply (Greek)

Uthina

wealth, attitudes to

widows

Valerius Comazon, Publius

wine

Valerius Maximianus, Marcus

women in cuit

Varius Marcellus, Sextus

women in philosophy

vates

wool

Venetic language

Vergilius Romanus

Xanthus (in Lycia)

Vermina

Xuthus

veterans

veterinary medicine

Zacynthus

via Sebaste

Zama, battle of

Victorinus, Marcus Piawonius

Zealots

Viminal

Zeno the Herophilean

Vinalia

Zeuxis (3 entries: Seleucid

Vindolanda tablets

viceroy, 2 physicians)

XIV

AREA ADVISORS

Professor Ernst Badian John Moors Cabot Professor of History, Harvard University, USA

Roman Republican prosopography

Professor Anthony Birley

Professor of Ancient History, Heinrich-Heine University, Diisseldorf, Germany Roman Imperial prosopography

Professor Anna Morpurgo Davies

Fellow of Somerville College and Professor of Comparative Philology, University of Oxford, UK

linguistics

Professor Patricia Easterling

Regius Professor of Greek, University of Cambridge, UK Greek literature

Dr Don Fowler

Fellow and Tutor at Jesus College and University Lecturer in Classical Languages and Literature, University of Oxford, UK Latin literature

Dr Peta Fowler

Lecturer in Classics at St Anne's College, University of Oxford Latin literature

Dr Martin Goodman

Reader in Jewish Studies, University of Oxford, UK

Jewish studies

Professor Tony Honore

Fellow of Ali Souls College, and former Regius Professor of Civil Law, University of Oxford, UK Roman law

Dr Simon Hornblower

Fellow and Tutor in Ancient History at Oriel College and University Lecturer in Ancient History, University of Oxford, UK Greek and Roman history, historiography, historical individuals, institutions, topography, archaeology, and art

Dr Emily Kearns

Lecturer in Classics at St Hilda’s College, University of Oxford, UK Greek myth and religion Dr Helen King

Wellcome Research Fellow and Lecturer, Department of Classics, University of Reading, UK

women's studies Dr Amelie Kuhrt

Professor of Ancient History, University College London, UK Near Eastem studies Professor Geoffrey Lloyd

Master of Darwin College and Professor of Ancient Philosophy and Science, University of Cambridge, UK maths and science

Professor John Matthews

Professor of Roman History in the Departments of Classics and History, Yale University, USA late antiquity and Christianit y

Professor Martha Nussbaum

Department of Law and Ethics, University of Chicago, USA philosophy DrJohn Penney

Fellow of Wolfson College and University Lecturer in Classical Philology, University of Oxford, UK linguistics

Dr Simon Price

Fellow and Tutor in Ancient History at Lady Margaret Hali, and University Lecturer in Ancient History, University of Oxford, UK Roman religion Dr Antony Spawforth

Senior Lecturer in Ancient History and Greek Archaeology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Greek and Roman history, historiography, historical individuals, institutions, topography, archaeology, and art

xv

INDEX TO INITIALS OF CONTRIBUTORS

Note: Text entries are signed with the initials listed.

F. R.A.

G. A.

j.A.

J. K.A.

K. W.A.

M.M.A.

W.G.A.

W.S.A.

A.B.B.

A.D.B.

A.L.B.

A.R.Bi.

C. P.B.

D. C.B.

E. B. E.H.B E.L.B.

E.N.B.

G.P.B.

j.Be.

CONTRIBUTORS TO THE THIRD EDITION

Francisco R. Adrados, Professor of

Greek Philology, Complutense

University, Madrid, Spain J.Br.

Graham Anderson, Professor of

Classics, University of Kent at J.Bu.

Canterbury, UK

Julia Annas, Professor of Philosophy, J.N.B.

University of Arizona, USA John Kinloch Anderson, Emeritus Professor of Classical Archaeology, K.B.

University of California at Berkeley,

USA

Karim W. Arafat, Lecturer in Classical K.R.B.

Archaeology, Kings College London,

UK L.B.

Michel Mervyn Austin, Senior Lecturer

in Ancient History, University of St

Andrews, UK M.8.

William Geofffey Amott, Emeritus

Professor of Greek Language and

Literature, University of Leeds, UK MJ.B.

W. Sidney Allen, Emeritus Professor of Comparative Philology, University of P.B.

Cambridge, UK

Albert Brian Bosworth, Professor of P.G.M.B.

Classics and Ancient History, University of Western Australia, Australia Andrew D. Barker, Professor of Classics,

University of Otago, New Zealand R.B.

Andrew L. Brown, London, UK

Anthony R. Birley, Area Advisor in R.L.B.

Roman Imperia! prosopography

C.P. Bammel, Reader in Early Church S.Bo.

History, University of Cambridge, UK

David C. Braund, Professor,

Department of Classics and Ancient S J.B.B.

History, University of Exeter, UK

Emst Badian, Area Advisor in Roman

Republican prosopography S.M.B.

Edward Henry Bispham, Temporary

Lecturer, University of Edinburgh, UK

Ewen Lyall Bowie, Praelector in T.C.B.

Classics, Corpus Christi College and

Reader in Classical Languages and

Literature, University of Oxford, UK T.R.B.

Eugene N. Borza, Emeritus Professor of

Ancient History, Pennsylvania State

University, USA

Graham Paul Burton, Lecturer in A.D.E.C.

History, University of Manchester, UK John Bennet, Associate Professor of

Classics, University of Wisconsin- Madison, USA

John Briscoe, Reader in Latin, University

of Manchester, UK

John Buckler, Professor of Greek

History, University of Illinois, USA

Jan N. Bremmer, Professor of History of

Religion, University of Groningen,

Netherlands

Kai Brodersen, Institute for Ancient History, University of Munich,

Germany

Keith R. Bradley, Professor of Classics, University of Victoria, Canada Liliane Bodson, Professor, Department of Classics, University of Liege,

Belgium

Mary Beard, Lecturer, Faculty of Classics and Fellow of Newnham College, University of Cambridge, UK Martin J. Brooke, Head of Classics, Sherborne School, Dorset, UK Pierre Briant, Professor of Ancient History, University of Toulouse le Mirail, France

Peter George McCarthy Brown, Fellow and Tutor in Classics, Trinity College and Lecturer in Classical Language and Literature, University of Oxford, UK Robert Browning, Emeritus Professor of Classics, University of London, UK Roger L. Beck, Professor, University of Toronto, Canada

Susanne Bobzien, Fellow and Praelector in Philosophy, The Queen s College, University of Oxford, UK Samuel James Beeching Barnish, Lecturer, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London, UK Susanna Morton Braund, Professor of Latin, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London, UK T. Corey Brennan, Assistant Professor, Departments of Greek and Latin, Bryn Mawr College, Philadelphia, USA Todd Richard Breyfogle, Doctorial Candidate, The Committee on Social Thought, University ofChicago, USA

Alan Douglas Edward Cameron,

Anthon Professor of Latin, Columbia University, New York, USA

xvii

Contributors to the Third Edition

A.M.C.

Averil M. Cameron, Warden, Keble College, University of Oxford, UK

History, University of Manchester,

UK

A.S.E.C.

A. Simon Esmonde Cleary, Senior Lecturer, Department of Ancient

History and Archaeology, University of Birmingham, UK

W.E.H.C.

Walter Eric Harold Cockle, Research Fellow in Greek and Latin Papyrology, University College London, UK

B.M.C.

Brian M. Caven, formerly Tutor, Faculty of Arts, Birkbeck College, University of

A.D.

Andrew Drummond, Lecturer in Classics, University of Nottingham, UK

London, UK

A.C.D.

A.C. Dionisotti, Lecturer, Department

C.C.

Christopher Carey, Professor of Classics, Royal Holloway and Bedford New

of Classics, Kings College London,

UK

College, University of London, UK

A.C.de la M.

Albinia C. de la Mare, Professor of

E.C.

Edward Courtney, Gildersleeve

Professor of Classics, University of

Palaeography, Kings College London, UK

Virginia, USA

A.M.Da.

Anna Morpurgo Davies, Area Advisor in

E.G.C.

Edith Gillian Clark, Senior Lecturer in

linguistics

Classics, University of Liverpool, UK

B.C.D.

B.C. Dietrich, Professor, Department of

G.B.C.

Gian Biagio Conte, Professor of Latin Literature, University of Pisa, Italy

Classics, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK

G.L.C.

George Law Cawkwell, Emeritus

Fellow, University College, University of Oxford, UK

C. de S.

Carlo de Simone, Professor of Comparative Linguistics, University of Tiibingen, Germany

H.W.C.

Hector William Catling, formerly Director, British School at Athens,

Greece

G.D.

Glenys Davies, Senior Lecturer in Classical Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, UK

j.C.

John Chadwick, Emeritus Reader, University of Cambridge, UK

H.D.

Hazel Dodge, Lecturer in Roman Archaeology, Trinity College Dublin,

J.B.C.

John Brian Campbell, Senior Lecturer,

Ireland

Department of Ancient History, The Queens University of Belfast, UK

J.D.

Janet DeLaine, Lecturer in Archaeology, University of Reading, UK

J.C.N.C.

Jonathan C. N. Coulston, Lecturer in Classical Archaeology, School of Greek, Latin and Ancient History, University of St Andrews, UK

J.F.Dr.

John Frederick Drinkwater, Reader in Roman Provincial History, Department of Classics, University of Nottingham, UK

J.McK.C.

John McKesson Camp II, Professor, American School of Classical Studies, Director, Agora Excavations, Athens, Greece

J.K.D.

John Kenyon Davies, Professor of Ancient History and Classical Archaeology, University of Liverpool,

UK

K.C.

Kevin Clinton, Professor, Department of Classics, Corneli University, USA

J.M.D.

John Myles Dillon, Regius Professor of Greek, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland

M.Ci.

Mario Citroni, Professor of Latin Literature, University of Florence, Italy

K.D.

Ken Dowden, Senior Lecturer in

Classics, University of Birmingham,

M.Co.

Michael Coffey, Emeritus Reader and

UK

Honorary Research Fellow, University College London, UK

K.J.D.

Kenneth James Dover, Chancellor ofSt Andrews University, UK

M.A.R.C.

Malcolm Andrew Richard Colledge, Professor of Classics, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of

K.M.D.D.

Katherine M.D. Dunbabin, Professor, Department of Classics, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada

London, UK

O.T.P.K.D.

Oliver T. P. K. Dickinson, Senior

M.H.C.

Michael H. Crawford, Professor of Ancient History, University College London, UK

Lecturer, Department of Classics and Ancient History, University of Durham, UK

P.A.C.

Paul Anthony Cartledge, Fellow of Clare College and Reader in Greek History, University of Cambridge, UK

P. de S.

Philip de Souza, Lecturer in Classical Studies, St Mary’s University College, University of Surrey, UK

R.G.C.

Robert G. Coleman, Professor of Comparative Philology, University of Cambridge, UK

P.S.D.

Peter Sidney Derow, Hody Fellow and Tutor in Ancient History, Wadham College, University of Oxford, UK

R.W.V.C.

Richard William Vyvyan Catling,

Assistant Editor, Lexicon of Greek Personal Names, Oxford, UK

R.P.D.

Raymond Peter Davis, Senior Lecturer in Ancient History, The Queens University of Belfast, UK

T.J.Co.

TimJ. Corneli, Professor of Ancient

S.Di.

Suzanne Dixon, Reader in Classics and

xviii

Contributors to the Third Edition

S.M.D.

A. W.E.

D.F.E.

J.C.E.

M.J.E.

P.E.E.

R.M.E.

B. W.F.

D.C.F.

D.J.F.

D. P.F.

E. F.

L. F.

M. F.

N. R.E.F.

P.G.F.

P.M.F.

A.H.G.

A.T.G.

C. G.

D. WJ.G.

Ancient History, The University of Queensland, Australia

Stephanie Mary Dalley, Shillito Fellow E.J.G. of the Oriental Institute, Oxford and Senior Research Fellow at Somerville F.G.

College, University of Oxford, UK

Andrew W. Erskine, College Lecturer,

Department of Classics, University H.G.-T.

College Dublin, Ireland

Donald F. Easton, ffeelance

archaeologist, London, UK

Jonathan C. Edmondson, Associate

Professor, Department of History, York I.C.G.

University, Toronto, Canada

Markjulian Edwards, Tutor in

Theology, Christ Church, University of J.Gr.

Oxford, UK

Patricia E. Easterling, Area Advisor in J.P.A.G. Greek literature

R. M. Errington, Professor of Ancient J.R.G. History, Philipps University, Marburg,

Germany

K.T.G.

Bruce W. Frier, Professor of Classics and Roman Law, H. K. Ransom Professor of

Law, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, M.G.

USA

Denis C. Feeney, Professor of Classics, M.Ga.

University of Wisconsin, Madison,

USA M.D.G.

David John Furley, Emeritus Professor of Classics, Princeton University, USA M.T.G.

Don P. Fowler, Area Advisor in Latin literature

Elaine Fantham, Giger Professor of Latin, Princeton University, USA

Lin Foxhall, Lecturer, School of R.L.G.

Archaeological Studies, University of Leicester, UK

Massimo Fusillo, Associate Professor of R.P.H.G. Literary Theory, Department of Studies on Modern Civilization, Messina, Italy R.SJ.G. Nick R.E. Fisher, Senior Lecturer,

School of History and Archaeology,

University of Wales, Cardiff, UK

Peta G. Fowler, Area Advisor in Latin VR.G.

literature

Peter Marshall Fraser, Lexicon of Greek

Personal Names, Oxford and formerly

Fellow of All Souls College and Reader A.H.

in Hellenistic History, University of Oxford, UK

B.H.

Alan H. Griffiths, Senior Lecturer,

Department of Greek and Latin, C.A.H.

University College London, UK

Anthony T. Grafton, Dodge Professor of

History, Princeton University, USA D.M.H.

Christopher John Gill, Reader in Ancient

Thought, University of Exeter, UK

David William John Gill, Lecturer in E.D.H.

Ancient History, University of Wales Swansea, UK

EmilyJ. Gowers, Honorary Research Fellow, University College London, UK Fritz Graf, Professor of Classical Philology and Religions of the Ancient Mediterranean, University of Basel, Switzerland

Hero Granger-Taylor, specialist in archaeological textiles, formerly Department of Medieval and Later Antiquities, The British Museum, London, UK

Ian C. Glover, Reader in Southeast African Archaeology, University College London, UK Jasper Griffin, Professor of Classical Literature, University of Oxford, UK John P. A. Gould, Emeritus Professor of Greek, University of Bristol, UK J. Richard Green, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University ofSydney, Australia

Kevin T. Greene, Senior Lecturer in Archaeology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Mark Golden, Professor of Classics, University of Winnipeg, Canada Michael Gagarin, Professor of Classics, University of Texas at Austin, USA Martin David Goodman, Area Advisor in Jewish studies

Miriam T. Griffin, Tutorial Fellow in Ancient History, Somerville College, Lecturer in Ancient History, Trinity College, and Lecturer in Ancient History, University of Oxford, UK Richard L. Gordon, Senior Fellow, School of European Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Roger P. H. Green, Professor, University ofGlasgow, UK

Robert S. J. Garland, Roy D. and Margaret B. Wooster Professor of the Classics, Colgate University, New York, USA

Virginia Randolph Grace, lately American School of Classical Studies, Athens, Greece

Albert Henrichs, Eliot Professor of Greek Literature, Harvard University, USA

Bruno Helly, Research Director,

Fernand Courby Institute, Lyon, France Cari A. Huflffnan, Associate Professor of Classics, DePauw University, Indianapolis, USA David M. Halperin, Professor of Literature, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA E. David Hunt, Lecturer in Classics and

xix

Contributors to the Third Edition

Ancient History, University of Durham,

Classics, University of Washington,

UK

Seattle, USA

F.L.H.

Frank L. Holt, Associate Professor of

S.J.Ha.

Stephen J. Harrison, Fellow and Tutor in

History, University of Houston, Texas,

Classics, Corpus Christi College and

USA

Lecturer in Classical Languages and

F.S.H.

F. Stephen Halliwell, Professor of Greek,

Literature, University of Oxford, UK

University of St Andrews, UK

S.J.Ho.

Stephen J. Hodkinson, Lecturer in

G.He.

Gabriel Herman, Senior Lecturer in

Ancient History, University of

Ancient History, Hebrew University,

Manchester, UK

Jerusalem, Israel

T.Hon.

Tony Honore, Area Advisor in Roman

H.M.H.

Harry Morrison Hine, Scotstarvit

law

Professor ofHumanity, University ofSt

V.L.H.

Victoria Lynn Harper, Assistant

Andrews, UK

Professor of Philosophy, St Olaf College,

J.D.H.

Jill Diana Harries, Senior Lecturer in

Minnesota, USA

Ancient History, University ofSt Andrews, UK

B.I.

Brad Inwood, Professor of Classics,

J.D.Ha.

J. David Hawkins, Professor of Ancient

University of Toronto, Canada

Anatolian Languages, School of

SJ.l.

Stephen J. Instone, Honorary Research

Oriental and African Studies, University

Fellow, Department of Greek and Latin,

of London, UK

University College London and Lecturer

J.F.H.

John F. Healey, Reader in Semitic

in Classics, St Mary’s University

Studies, University of Manchester, UK

College, University of Surrey, UK

L.A.H.-S.

Leoffanc Adrian Holford-Strevens, copy-editor, Oxford University Press,

A.WJ.

Alan William Johnston, Reader in

Oxford, UK

Classical Archaeology, University

M.H.H.

Mogens Herman Hansen, Director,

College London, UK

Copenhagen Polis Centre,

D.E.LJ.

David E. L. Johnston, Fellow of Christs

Copenhagen, Denmark

College and Regius Professor of Civil

M.M.H.

Madeleine Mary Henry, Associate

Law, University of Cambridge, UK

Professor, Classical Studies Program,

H.D.J.

H. D. Jocelyn, Hulme Professor of

Iowa State University, USA

Latin, Victoria University of

N.H.

Neil Hopkinson, Fellow of Trinity

Manchester, UK

College, University of Cambridge,

J.EJ.

John Eliis Jones, Senior Lecturer in

UK

Classical Studies, University of Wales,

N.G.L.H.

Nicholas Geoflfey Lempriere

Bangor, UK

Hammond, Honorary Fellow, Clare

J.HJ.

Jay H. Jasanoff, Jacob Gould Schurman

College, University of Cambridge,

Professor of Linguistics, Corneli

UK

University, USA

P.H.

Paul Halstead, Senior Lecturer,

M.J.

Madeleine Jost, Professor of Greek

Department of Archaeology and

History, University of Paris, France

Prehistory, University of Sheffield, UK

M.H.J.

MichaelH.Jameson, Emeritus Professor

P.E.H.

Phillip Edward Harding, Associate Professor of Classics, University of

of Classics, Stanford University, USA

British Columbia, Canada

A.T.L.K.

Amelie Kuhrt, Area Advisor in Near

RJ.H.

Peter John Heather, Lecturer in Early

Eastern Studies

Medieval History, University College

C.F.K.

Christoph F. Konrad, Assistant

London, UK

Professor, Texas A & M University,

P.R.H.

Philip Russell Hardie, University

USA

Lecturer in Classics and Fellow of New

C.H.K.

Charles H. Kahn, Professor of

Hali, University of Cambridge, UK

Philosophy, University of Pennsylvania,

R.Ha.

Robert Halleux, Director, Centre for the

USA

History of Science and Techniques,

C.M.K.

Christopher M. Kelly, Fellow of Corpus

University of Liege, Belgium

Christi College, University of

R.L.Hu.

Richard L. Hunter, Fellow of Pembroke

Cambridge, UK

College and Lecturer in Classics,

D.K.

David Konstan, Professor of Classics and

University of Cambridge, UK

Comparative Literature, Brown

S.H.

Simon Homblower, General Editor and

University, USA

Area Advisor in Greek and Roman

E.Ke.

Emily Kearns, Area Advisor in Greek

historiography, historical individuals.

myth and religion

institutions, topography, archaeology,

E.Kr.

Eveline Krummen, Assistant at the

and art

Classical Philology Seminar, University

S.E.H.

Stephen E. Hinds, Associate Professor of

of Ziirich, Switzerland

xx

Contributors to the Third Edition

H. K.

I. G.K.

J. N.D.K.

R. A.K.

S. J.K.

W.K.

W.R.K.

A.L.

A.B.L.

A.D.E.L.

A.J.W.L.

A. W.L.

B. M.L.

D.G.L.

D.R.L.

G.E.R.

G.Ll.-M.

j.L.

J. F.La.

K. L. M.Lej.

Helen King, Area Advisor in womens studies

Ian Gray Kidd, Emeritus Professor of Greek, University of St Andrews, UK John Norman Davidson Kelly, formerly

RJ.L.

Principal of St Edmund Hali and Honorary Fellow of Queen’s College and St Edmund Hali, University of Oxford, UK

R.O.A.M.

Robert A. Kaster, Professor,

Department of Classics, University of

S.D.L.

Chicago, USA

SimonJ. Keay, Senior Lecturer, Department of Archaeology, University

W.L.

ofSouthampton, UK

Wolff am Kinzig, Lecturer in Church

A.Mot.

History, University of Heidelberg, Germany and Fellow of Kings College,

B.C.McG.

University of Cambridge, UK

Wilbur R. Knorr, Professor, Program in the History of Science, Stanford

C.A.M.

University, USA

C.A.Ma.

Andrew Louth, Professor of Cultural History, Goldsmiths’ College,

University of London, UK

Alan Brian Lloyd, Professor of Classics

C.B.M.

and Ancient History, University of

Wales, Swansea, UK

D.J.Ma.

Andrew Dominic Edwards Lewis,

Senior Lecturer in Laws, University

D.M.M.

College London, UK

Andrew J. W. Laird, Lecturer,

E.M.

Department of Classics and Ancient History, University of Warwick, UK

G.W.M.

Andrew William Lintott, Fellow and Tutor in Ancient History, Worcester College and Reader in Ancient History,

H.Ma.

University of Oxford, UK

Barbara M. Levick, Fellow and Tutor, St Hildas College and Lecturer in Ancient History, University of Oxford, UK

H.C.M.

D. G. Lateiner, John R. Wright Professor of Greek, Ohio Wesleyan University,

USA

l.M.

David R. Langslow, University Lecturer in Latin Philology and Linguistics,

I.Mo.

Wolfson College, University of Oxford, UK

J.D.M.

Sir Geofffey Lloyd, Area Advisor in

Maths and Science

J.F.Ma.

Glenys Lloyd-Morgan, archaeological small finds specialist, UK

Jerzy Linderski, Paddison Professor of

J.F.Mo.

Latin, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hili, USA

J.L.Mo.

John F. Lazenby, Professor of Ancient History, University of Newcastle upon

J.R.M.

Tyne, UK

H. Kathryn Lomas, Research Fellow,

J.R.Mo.

University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Michel Lejeune, Member of the

J.VM.

Academie des Inscriptions et Belles- lettres, Paris, France Roger J. Ling, Professor of Classical Art and Archaeology, University of Manchester, UK

R.O.A.M. Lyne, Fellow and Tutor in Classics, Balliol College and Reader in Classical Languages and Literature, University of Oxford, UK Stephen D. Lambert, Fellow, Center for Hellenic Studies, Washington DC, USA W, Liebeschuetz, Emeritus Professor, Nottingham University, UK

Andre Motte, Professor, University of Liege, Belgium

Brian C. McGing, Senior Lecturer and Fellow, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Catherine A. Morgan, Lecturer in Classics, Royal Flolloway and Bedford New College, University of London, UK Charles Anthony Martindale, Professor ofLatin, University of Bristol, UK Christopher B. Mee, Charles W, Jones Senior Lecturer in Classical Archaeology, University of Liverpool, UK

David J. Mattingly, Reader in Roman Archaeology, University of Leicester, UK Douglas Maurice MacDowell, Professor of Greek, University of Glasgow, UK Elaine Matthews, Editor, Lexicon of Greek Personal Names, Oxford, UK Glenn W. Most, Professor of Classics, University of Fleidelberg, Germany Flerwig Maehler, Professor of Papyrology, University College London, UK

H. Craig Melchert, Charles S. Smith Distinguished Professor, Department of Linguistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hili, USA Irad Malkin, Associate Professor of Ancient Greek History, Tei Aviv University, Israel

Ian Morris, Professor of Classics and

History, Stanford University, USA

Jon D. Mikalson, Professor of Classics,

University of Virginia, USA

John F. Matthews, Area Advisor in late

antiquity and Christianity

John F. Moreland, Lecturer, Department

of Archaeology and Prehistory,

University of Sheffield, UK

John L. Moles, Reader in Classics,

University of Durham, UK

Jennifer R. March, Honorary Fellow,

University College London, UK

John R. Morgan, Lecturer in Classics,

University of Wales Swansea, UK

J. V Muir, Senior Lecturer, Department

of Classics, King's College London, UK

xxi

Contributors to the Third Edition

K.M. Klaus Meister, Professor of Ancient

History, Institute for Historical Science, Berlin Technology University, Germany M.J.M. Martin J. Millett, Reader in Roman

Archaeology, University of Durham,

UK

O.Ma. Olivier Masson, Emeritus Professor,

University of Paris, France

O. Mu. Oswyn Murray, Fellow of Balliol College

and Lecturer in Ancient History, University of Oxford, UK

P. MacC. Proinsias Mac Cana, Senior Professor,

School of Celtic Studies, Dublin, Ireland RC.M. Paul C. Millett, Fellow of Downing

College and Lecturer in Ancient History, Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge, UK

P.K.M. Peter Kenneth Marshall, Professor of

Classics, Amherst College, Massachusetts, USA

R.Ma. Robert Maltby, Senior Lecturer,

University of Leeds, UK

R.G.M. Robert G. Morkot, Teaching Assistant,

Department of History, University College London, UK

R. H.M. Ronald Haithwaite Martin, Emeritus

Professor of Classics, University of Leeds, UK

S. M. Stephen Mitchell, Professor of Classics,

University of Wales Swansea, UK VA.M. Valerie A. Maxfield, Reader in Roman

Archaeology, University of Exeter, UK W.M.M. William M. Murray, Associate Professor

of Ancient History, University of South Florida at Tampa, USA

A.N. Alexander Nehamas, Edmund N.

Carpenter Professor in the Humanities, Princeton University, USA

A. M.N. Alanna M. Nobbs, Associate Professor

of Ancient History, MacQuarie University, Australia

B. N. Barry Nicholas, formerly Principal of

Brasenose College, University of Oxford, UK

D.P.N. Damien P. Nelis, Lecturer in Greek and

Latin, Department of Classics,

University of Durham, UK

J.A.N. J.A. North, Professor, Department of

History, University College London, UK

L. F.N. Lucia F. Nixon, College Lecturer in

Archaeology, Magdalen College, University of Oxford, UK

M. C.N. Martha C. Nussbaum, Area Advisor in

philosophy

VN. Vivian Nutton, Professor of the History

of Medicine, University College London, UK

D.O. Dirk Obbink, Lecturer in Papyrology

and Greek Literature, University of Oxford, UK

D.O'M. DominicJ. 0’Meara, Professor of

Ancient Philosophy and Metaphysics, University of Fribourg, Switzerland J.M.OB. John Maxwell CBrien, Professor of

History, Queens College of the City University of New York, USA M.O. Manfred Oppermann, Institute for the

Science of Antiquity, Martin-Luther- University Halle, Germany

R.G.O. Robin G. Osborne, Fellow and Tutor of

Corpus Christi College and Professor of Ancient History, University of Oxford, UK

AJ.P. A. J. Parker, Senior Lecturer in

Archaeology, University of Bristol, UK A.W.P. A. W, Price, Lecturer in Philosophy,

Birkbeck College London, UK

C.B.R.P. C. B. R. Pelling, Fellow and Praelector

in Classics, University College and Lecturer in Classical Languages and Literature, University of Oxford, UK

C. R.P. C. Robert Phillips III, Professor of

Classics and Ancient History, Lehigh University, USA

D. S.P. David S. Potter, Associate Professor,

Department of Classical Studies, University of Michigan, USA D.T.P. Daniel Thomas Potts, Edwin Cuthbert

Hali Professor of Middle Eastem Archaeology, University of Sydney, Australia

H.N.P. Holt N. Parker, Associate Professor,

University of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA H.W.Pl. Henri Willy Pleket, Emeritus Professor

of Ancient History and Greek and Latin Epigraphy, University of Leiden, Netherlands

J.G.F.P. Jonathan G.F. Powell, Professor of Latin,

University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK J.H.W.P. John Penney, Area Advisor in Linguistics

JJ.P. Jeremy James Paterson, Senior Lecturer

in Ancient History, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

JJ.Po. J. J. Pollitt, Sterling Professor of Classical

Art and Archaeology, Yale University, USA

J.R.P. John Robert Patterson, University

Lecturer in Classics, University of Cambridge, UK

L.P.E.P. L. P. E. Parker, Fellow and Tutor, St

Hughs College, University of Oxford, UK

N.P. Nicholas Purcell, Fellow and Tutor in

Ancient History, St John's College and Lecturer in Ancient History, University of Oxford, UK

P.P. Paola Pinotti, Associate Professor,

Department of Classics, University of Bologna, Italy

RJ.P. P. J. Parsons, Regius Professor of Greek,

University of Oxford, UK

XXII

Contributors to the Third Edition

R.C.T.P.

Robert Christopher Towneley Parker, Wykeham Professor of Ancient History, University of Oxford, UK

J.S.R.

T.W.P.

T. W. Potter, Deputy Keeper,

Department of Prehistoric and

J.S.Ri.

Romano-British Antiquities, The British Museum, London, UK

J.W.R.

S.G.P.

Simon Geofffey Pembroke, formerly Department of Classics, Royal

Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London, UK

K.R.

S.R.F.P.

Simon R. F. Price, Area Advisor in

Roman religion

M.D.R.

V.P.-D.

Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge, Head of Research, National Foundation for Scientific Research, University of Liege, Belgium

N.J.R.

N.K.R.

A.R.

Amy Richlin, Professor of Classics,

University of Southern California, USA

O.R.

A.F.R.

Alan Ferguson Rodger, Lord Rodger of Earlsferry, PC QC, Lord Advocate,

Scotland, UK

P.R.

B.L.R.

Bamey L. Rickenbacker, consultant, alcoholism and addictions, North

Carolina, USA

PJ.R.

C.R.

Charlotte Roueche, Reader in Classical

and Byzantine Greek, Kings College London, UK

R.B.R.

C.C.R.

Christopher C. Rowland, Dean Ireland’s Professor of the Exegesis of Holy

Scripture, University of Oxford, UK

R.H.R.

CJ.R.

Christopher J. Rowe, Professor of Greek, University of Durham, UK

D.A.R.

Donald Andrew Frank Moore Russell, formerly Fellow of St Johns and

Professor of Classical Literature,

T.R.

University of Oxford, UK

A.Sch.

D.H.R.

Deborah H. Roberts, Associate

Professor of Classics, Haverford

College, Pennsylvania, USA

A.Schi.

D.W.R.

Dominic W. Rathbone, Reader in

Ancient History, Kings College London,

UK

A.Sh.

D.W.R.R.

David William Robertson Ridgway,

Reader in Classics, University of Edinburgh, UK

A.Sm.

E.E.R.

Ellen E. Rice, Fellow of Wolfson

College, University of Oxford, UK

A.D.S.

H.R.

Helmut Rix, Emeritus Professor, Albert-

Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany

A.F.S.

J.R.

James Roy, Senior Lecturer, University of Nottingham, UK

J.B.R.

James Boykin Rives, Assistant Professor, Classics and History, Columbia

University in the City of New York,

A.H.S.

USA

A.J.S.S.

J.M.R.

Joyce Maire Reynolds, Honorary Fellow, Newnham College, University of Cambridge, UK

J.M.Ri.

John M. Riddle, Professor of History,

North Carolina State University, USA

A.M.S.

Jeffrey Stuart Rusten, Professor, Department of Classics, Corneli University, USA

John Stuart Richardson, Professor of Classics, University of Edinburgh, UK John William Rich, Senior Lecturer in Classics, University of Nottingham, UK Kurt Raaflaub, Professor of Classics and History, Brown University, Rhode Island and Co-Director, Center for Hellenic Studies, Washington DC, USA Michael D. Reeve, Kennedy Professor of Latin, University of Cambridge, UK NicholasJ. Richardson, Fellow and Tutor, Merton College and Lecturer in Classical Languages and Literature, University of Oxford, UK N. K. Rutter, Senior Lecturer, University of Edinburgh, UK Oliver Rackham, Fellow of Corpus Christi College, University of Cambridge, UK

Philip Rousseau, Associate Professor of History, University of Auckland, New Zealand

P. J. Rhodes, Professor of Ancient History, University of Durham, UK R. B. Rutherford, Tutor in Greek and Latin Literature, Christ Church and Lecturer in Classical Languages and Literature, University of Oxford, UK R. H. Robins, Emeritus Professor of General Linguistics in the University of London, UK

Tessa Rajak, Reader in Classics, University of Reading, UK

Albert Schachter, Hiram Mills Professor of Classics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

Alessandro Schiesaro, Assistant Professor of Classics, Princeton University, USA

Andrew Sherratt, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, UK

Andrew Smith, Professor of Classics, University College Dublin, Ireland Anne D. R. Sheppard, Senior Lecturer in Classics, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London, UK Andrew F. Stewart, Professor of Greek and Roman Art, University of California at Berkeley, USA

Alan Herbert Sommerstein, Professor of Greek, University of Nottingham,

UK

Antony J. S. Spawforth, General Editor and Area Advisor in Greek and Roman historiography, historica! individuals, institutions, topography, archaeology, and art

Anthony M. Snodgrass, Laurence

XXIll

Contributors to the Third Edition

Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of Cambridge, UK

C. S.-I. Christiane Sourvinou-Inwood, Reader

in Classics, University of Reading, UK

D. G.J.S. D. Graham J. Shipley, Lecturer in

Ancient History, University of Leicester, UK

D.N.S. David N. Sedley, Reader in Ancient

Philosophy, University of Cambridge, UK

D.R.S. Danuta R. Shanzer, Professor of Classics,

Corneli University, USA

G. S. Gisela Striker, George Martin Lane

Professor of Philosophy and of The Classics, Harvard University, USA

H. So. Heikki Solin, Professor of Latin,

University of Helsinki, Finland

H.S.-W. Heleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg, Professor

of Ancient History, University of Utrecht, Netherlands

H.P.S. Hans Peter Syndikus, formerly Director,

Gymnasium Wilheim, Germany

K.S.S. Kenneth S. Sacks, Professor of History

and Dean of the College, Brown University, USA

J.Sca. John Scarborough, Professor, History of

Pharmacy and Medicine, and Classics and Ancient History, School of Pharmacy and Department of Classics, University of Wisconsin, USA

J.Sch. John Scheid, Director of Studies, Ecole

Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Sorbonne, Paris, France

J.B.S. John B. Salmon, Senior Lecturer,

University of Nottingham, UK

J.-F.S. Jean-Franfois Salles, Director, School of

Eastern Mediterranean Studies, Lyon, France

J.H.D.S. J. H. D. Scourfield, Associate Professor,

Department of Classics, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

J.R.S. J. Robert Saliares, Research Associate,

University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, UK

M.Sch. M. Schofield, Reader in Ancient

Philosophy, University of Cambridge, USA

M.B.S. Marilyn B. Skinner, Professor of Classics,

University of Arizona, USA

M.M.S. Maria Michela Sassi, Researcher, Senior

High School, Pisa, Italy

M.S.Si. Michael S. Silk, Professor of Greek

Language and Literature, Kings College London, UK

M .S.Sp. M. Stephen Spurr, Head of Classics,

Eton College, Windsor, UK

R. A.S.S. Richard A. S. Seaford, Professor of Greek

Literature, University ofExeter, UK

R.B.E.S. Rowland B. E. Smith, Lecturer in

Ancient History, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

R J.S. Robin J. Seager, Reader in Classics and

Ancient History, University of Liverpool, UK

R.R.K.S. Richard R. K. Sorabji, Director, Institute

of Classical Studies, and Professor of Ancient Philosophy, Kings College London, UK

R. W.S. Robert William Sharples, Professor of

Classics, University College London,

UK

S. Sh. Susan Sherratt, Ashmolean Museum,

Oxford, UK

S.S.-W. Susan Mary Sherwin-White, Senior

Child Psychotherapist, Child and Family Consultation Centre, London, UK

TJ.S. Trevor J. Saunders, Professor of Greek,

University of Newcastle upon Tyne,

UK

C. C.W.T. Christopher C. W, Taylor, Fellow and

Tutor in Philosophy, Corpus Christi College and Lecturer in Philosophy, University of Oxford, UK

C J.T. Christopher J. Tuplin, Senior Lecturer,

Department of Classics and Ancient History, University of Liverpool, UK

D. J.T. Dorothy J. Thompson, Lecturer, Girton

College, University of Cambridge,

UK

G.J.T. G. J. Toomer, Associate, Department of

the History of Science, Harvard University, USA

J.C.T. Jeremy C. Trevett, Intercollegiate

Lecturer in Ancient History, University of Oxford, UK

J.D.T. J. David Thomas, Emeritus Professor

of Papyrology, University of Durham, UK

M.B.T. Michael Burney Trapp, Lecturer,

Department of Classics, Kings College London, UK

R.T. Rosalind Thomas, Lecturer in Ancient

History, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London,

UK

R.Th. Romila Thapar, Emeritus Professor,

Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

R.A.T. Richard Allan Tomlinson, formerly

Professor of Ancient History and Archaeology, University of Birmingham, UK

R. S.O.T. R. S. O. Tomlin, University Lecturer in

Late-Roman History, University of Oxford, UK

S. C.T. Stephen C. Todd, Lecturer in Classics,

University of Keele, UK

S.M.T. Susan M. Treggiari, Anne T. and Robert

M. Bass Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University, USA

xxiv

Contributors to the Previous Editions

J.U.

Jiirgen Untermann, formerly Institute for Linguistics, University of Koln, Germany

M.W.

M.Wil.

Michael Winterbottom, Corpus Professor of Latin, University of Oxford, UK

Margaret Williamson, Senior Lecturer

H.v.S.

Heinrich von Staden, Professor of

Classics and Comparative Literature,

in Classical Studies, St Marys University College, University ofSurrey, UK

Yale University, USA

M.L.W.

Martin Litchfield West, Senior Research

H.S.V

H. S. Versnel, Professor of Ancient His- tory, University of Leiden, Netherlands

Fellow, AH Souls College, University of Oxford, UK

M.V

Michael Vickers, Senior Assistant

Keeper, Department of Antiquities,

M.M.W.

M.M. Willcock, Emeritus Professor of Latin, University College London, UK

Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, UK

N.G.W.

Nigel Guy Wilson, Fellow and Tutor in

J.T.V.

J. T. Vallance, Head of Classics, Sydney Grammar School, New South Wales, Australia

P.W.

Classics, Lincoln College and Lecturer in Classical Languages and Literature, University of Oxford, UK

Patricia Anne Watson, Senior Lecturer,

A.J.W.

A. J. Woodman, Professor of Latin, University of Durham, UK

Department of Classics, University of Sydney, Australia

A.M.W.

Anna M. Wilson, Department of

Classics, University of Birmingham, UK

RJ.W.

Peter James Wilson, Research Fellow, University of Warwick, UK

B.R.W.-P.

Bryan R. Ward-Perkins, Fellow of

Trinity College and Lecturer in Modem

R.B.B.W.

Robert B. B. Wardy, Lecturer, University of Cambridge, UK

History, University of Oxford, UK

R.J.A.W.

Roger J. A. Wilson, Professor of

D.W.

David Whitehead, Professor of Classics, The Queens University of Belfast, UK

Archaeology, University of

Nottingham, UK

F.W.

Frederickjohn Williams, Professor of Greek, The Queens University of

Belfast, UK

S.E.C.W.

Susan E.C. Walker, Deputy Keeper, Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities, The British Museum,

I.N.W.

lan N. Wood, Senior Lecturer, School of

London, UK

History, University of Leeds, UK

S.R.W.

Stephanie Roberta West, Senior

J.Wi.

Josef Wiesehofer, Institute for the

Science of Antiquity, Kiel University,

Research Fellow, Hertford College, University of Oxford, UK

Germany

T.E.J.W.

Thomas E. J. Wiedemann, Professor,

J.E.W.

Jefffey E. Wills, Assistant Professor of Classics, University of Wisconsin, USA

Department of Classical and Archaeological Studies, University of

j.j.W.

John Joseph Wilkes, Yates Professor of Greek and Roman Archaeology,

University College London, UK

Nottingham, UK

J.PAV.

John Peter Wild, Reader in Archaeology, University of Manchester, UK

B.Z

Bemhard Zimmermann, Professor, Seminar for Classical Philology,

L.C.W.

Lindsay Cameron Watson, Senior Lecturer, Department of Classics,

Heinrich-Heine-University Dilsseldorf, Germany

University of Sydney, Australia

R.Z.

Reinhard Zimmermann, Professor of

L.M.W.

L. Michael Whitby, Professor,

Department of Classics and Ancient History, University of Warwick, UK

Private Law, Roman Law and Comparative Legal History, University of Regensburg, Germany

CONTRIBUTORS TO THE PREVIOUS EDITIONS

A.A.

Antony Andrewes

C.M.B.

Cecil Maurice Bowra

A.E.A.

Alan E. Astin

C.W.B.

Cari W. Blegen

J.K.A.

John Kinloch Anderson

DJ.B.

David John Blackman

J.W.H.A.

John Williams Hey Atkins

D.M.B.

Donald Michael Bailey

R.G.A.

Roland Gregory Austin

E. A.B.

Eric Arthur Barber

W.B.A.

William Blair Anderson

E.B.

E. Badian

W.G.A.

William Geofffey Amott

E.L.B.

Ewen Lyall Bowie

E.P.B.

E. Phillips Barker

A.B.

Adolf Berger

F.A.G.B.

Frederick Arthur George Beck

A.R.B.

Andrew Robert Burn

G.E.B.

George Ewart Bean

C.B.

Cyri] Bailey

G.L.B.

Godffey Louis Barber

XXV

Contributors to the Previous Editions

H.B.

Herbert Bloch

L.E.

Ludwig Edelstein

H.E.B.

Harold Edgeworth Butler

RJ.E.

Petrus Johannes Enk

J.B.

John Boardman

S.E.

Sam Eitrem

J.P.B.

John Percy Vyvian Dacre Balsdon

VE.

Victor Ehrenberg

O.B.

Olwen Phillis Frances Brogan

W.M.E.

Walter Manoel Edwards

P.R.L.B.

Peter Robert Lamont Brown

R.B.

Robert Browning

B.F.

Benjamin Farrington

R.J.B.

Robert Johnson Bonner

C.F.

Charles Favez

S.B.

Sylvia Benton

C.J.F.

Christian James Fordyce

T.A.B.

Thomas Allan Brady

D.J.F.

David John Furley

T.R.S.B.

Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton

E.S.F.

Edward Seymour Forster

W.B.

William Beare

G.B.A.F.

Geoffrey Bemard Abbott Fletcher

W.Br.

William Barr

G.C.F.

Guy Cromwell Field

J.E.F.

Joseph Eddy Fontenrose

A.D.E.C.

Alan Douglas Edward Cameron

K. von F.

Kurt von Fritz

A.H.C.

Allan Hartley Coxon

M.I.F.

M. I. Finley

A.M.C.

Averil Millicent Cameron

P.B.R.F.

Peter Barr Reid Forbes

D.J.C.

Donald John Campbell

P.M.F.

Peter Marshall Fraser

F.C.

Ferdinando Castagnoli

R.N.F.

Richard Nelson Frye

G.E.F.C.

Guy Edward Farquhar Chilver

S.S.F.

Sheppard S. Frere

G.H.C.

George Henry Chase

T.F.

Theodore Fyfe

G.L.C.

George Law Cawkwell

W.G.F.

William George Forrest

H.C.

Henry Chadwick

W.H.C.F.

William Hugh Clifford Frend

H.Cn.

Harry Caplan

H.J.C.

Henry Joel Cadbury

A.J.G.

Alexander John Graham

I.M.C.

Ian Mclntyre Campbell

A.W.G.

Arnold Wycombe Gomme

j.C.

John Chadwick

E.W.G.

Eric William Gray

J.H.C.

Johan Harm Croon

F.R.D.G.

Francis Richard David Goodyear

J.M.C.

John Manuel Cook

G.G.

Giuseppe Giangrande

J.M.R.C.

James Maxwell Ross Cormack

G.T.G.

Guy Thompson Griffith

M.A.R.C.

Malcolm Andrew Richard Colledge

J.C.

John Glucker

M.C.

Max Cary

K.G.

Kenneth Grayston

M.Co.

Michael Coffey

R.J.G.

Robert John Getty

M.P.C.

Martin Percival Charlesworth

S.C.

Stephen Gaselee

P.B.C.

Philip B. Corbett

S.L.G.

Stanley Lawrence Greenslade

R.C.C.

Roger Clifford Carrington

VR.G.

Virginia Randolph Grace

R.P.C.

Robert Pierce Casey

W.C.G.

William Chase Greene

S.C.

Stanley Casson

W.K.C.G.

William Keith Chambers Guthrie

T.J.C.

Theodore John Cadoux

W.M.C.

William Moir Calder

A.H.-W.

Alun Hudson-Williams

B.R.H.

Brian Rodgerson Hartley

A.E.M.D.

Anna Elbina Morpurgo Davies

C.G.H.

Colin Graham Hardie

A.M.D.

Arnold Mackay Duff

C.P.H.

Caroline Penrose Hammond

D.R.D.

David Reginald Dicks

F.M.H.

Friedrich M. Heichelheim

E.R.D.

Erik Robertson Dodds

F.R.H.

F. R. Hodson

H.R.E.D.

Hilda Roderick Eliis Davidson

G.H.

Gilbert Highet

J.D.D.

John Dewar Denniston

G.M.A.H.

George M. A. Hanfmann

J.D.-G.

J. Duchesne-Guillemin

J.H.

Jacques Heurgon

J.F.D.

John Frederic Dobson

M.H.

Mason Hammond

J.W.D.

John Wight Duff

M.E.H.

Margaret E. Hubbard

K.J.D.

Kenneth James Dover

M.I.H.

M. Isobel Henderson

L.D.

Ludwig Deubner

M.S.F.H.

Martin Sinclair Frankland Hood

M.S.D.

Margaret Stephana Drower

N.G.L.H.

Nicholas Geoffrey Lempriere

O.A.W.D.

Oswald Ashton Wentworth Dilke

Hammond

O.D.

Oliver Davies

R.H.

Reginald Hackforth

R.P.D.-J.

Richard Phare Duncan-Jones

R.J.H.

Robert J. Hopper

S.D.

Sterling Dow

R.L.H.

Robert Leslie Howland

T.J.D.

Thomas James Dunbabin

R.M.H.

Robert Mitchell Henry

T.H.

Thomas Little Heath

C.F.E.

Charles Farwell Edson

T.J.H.

Theodore Johannes Haarhoff

C.WJ.E.

Charles William John Eliot

A.H.M.J.

Arnold Hugh Martin Jones

D.E.E.

David Edward Eichholz

G.D.B.J.

Geraint Dyfed Barri Jones

xxvi

Contributors to the Previous Editions

L.H.J.

Lilian Hamilton Jeffery

AJ.D.P.

Alexander James Dow Porteous

R.L.J.

Robert Leoline James

A.L.P.

Arthur Leslie Peck

A.S.P.

Arthur Stanley Pease

A.K.

A. Ker

A.W.P.-C.

Arthur Wallace Pickard-Cambridge

E.J.K.

Edwardjohn Kenney

B.E.P.

Ben Edwin Perry

F.G.K.

Frederic George Kenyon

F.N.P.

Frederick Norman Pryce

H.D.F.K.

Humphrey Davy Findlay Kitto

G.M.P.

George Mackay Paul

J.J.K.

JohnJ. Keaney

H.M.D.P.

Henry Michael Denne Parker

J.N.D.K.

John Norman Davidson Kelly

H.W.P.

Herbert William Parke

M.K.

Martha Kneale

J.R.T.P.

John Richard Thornhill Pollard

W.F.J.K.

William Francis Jackson Knight

J.W.P.

John William Pirie

L.P.

Lionel Pearson

A.W.L.

Andrew William Lintott

L.R.P.

Leonard Robert Palmer

D.W.L.

Donald William Lucas

M.P.

Maurice Platnauer

H.S.L.

Herbert Strainge Long

R.A.P.

Roger Ambrose Pack

I.M.L.

Iain Malcolm Lonie

T.G.E.P.

Thomas George Eyre Powell

J.A.O.L.

Jakob Aall Ottesen Larsen

W.K.P.

W. Kendrick Pritchett

j.F.L.

John Francis Lockwood

L.B.L.

Lillian B. Lawler

A.L.F.R.

A.L.F. Rivet

M.L.

Mabel L. Lang

B.R.R.

Brinley Roderick Rees

R.G.C.L.

Robert Graham Cochrane Levens

C.H.R.

Colin Henderson Roberts

W.A.L.

William Allison Laidlaw

CJ.R.

Christopher J. Rowe

W.K.L.

Walter Kirkpatrick Lacey

C.M.R.

Charles Martin Robertson

D.A.R.

Donald Andrew Frank Moore Russell

A.M.

Amaldo Momigliano

D.R.-M.

David Randall-Maclver

A.H.McD.

Alexander Hugh McDonald

D.W.R.R.

David William Robertson Ridgway

B.M.M.

Bruce Manning Metzger

E.SG.R.

E. Stanley G. Robinson

D.J.M.

Derekjohn Mosley

FJ.F..R.

Frederick James Edward Raby

D.M.M.

Douglas Maurice MacDowell

F.N.R.

Fred Norris Robinson

E.C.M.

Edgar Cardew Marchant

G.C.R.

George Chatterton Richards

E.H.M.

Eliis Hovell Minns

G.M.A.R.

Gisela M.A. Richter

E.I.M.

Earl Ingram McQueen

G.W.R.

Geoflrey Walter Richardson

E.W.M.

Eric William Marsden

HJ.R.

Herbert Jennings Rose

F.G.B.M.

Fergus Graham Burtholme Millar

H.W.R.

H. W. Richmond

G.E.M.

George E. Mylonas

I.A.R.

Ian Archibald Richmond

H.M.

Harold Mattingly

J.M.R.

Joyce Maire Reynolds

J.A.M.

James Alan Montgomery

L.D.R.

Leighton Durham Reynolds

J.C.M.

John C. Mann

N.R.

Noel Robertson

J.F.M.

James Frederick Mountford

R.R.

Richard George Frederick Robinson

J.G.M.

Joseph Grafton Milne

R.M.R.

Robert Mantle Rattenbury

J.G.McQ.

James Galloway Macqueen

T.T.B.R.

Timothy Thomas Bennett Ryder

J.L.M.

John Linton Myres

T.T.R.

Tamara Talbot Rice

L.A.M.

Ludwig Alfred Moritz

W.D.R.

William David Ross

M.F.M.

Malcolm F. McGregor

P.K.M.

Peter Kenneth Marshall

A.N.S.-W.

A. N. Sherwin-White

P.M.

Paul Maas

A.S.

Alexander Souter

R.M.

Russell Meiggs

B.A.S.

Brian Allison Sparkes

R.A.B.M.

Roger Aubrey Baskerville Mynors

C.S.

Charles Joseph Singer

T.B.M.

Terence Bruce Mitford

C.E.S.

Courtenay Edward Stevens

W.S.M.

William Stuart Maguinness

C.G.S.

Chester G. Starr

C.H.VS.

Carol Humphrey Vivian Sutherland

A.K.N.

Awadh Kishore Narain

D.E.S.

Donald Emrys Strong

B.N.

Barry Nicholas

E.M.S.

Edith Mary Smallwood

j.N.

John North

E.S.S.

Easdand Stuart Staveley

M.P.N.

Nils Martin Persson Nilsson

E.T.S.

Edward Togo Salmon

O.N.

Otto E. Neugebauer

F.A.W.S.

Franz A. W. Schehl

P.S.N.

Peter Scott Noble

F.H.S.

Francis Henry Sandbach

G.H.S.

George Hope Stevenson

A.O.

Andre Oltramare

H.S.

Henri Seyrig

G.E.L.O.

Gwilym Eliis Lane Owen

H.H.S.

Howard Hayes Scullard

R.M.O.

Robert Maxwell Ogilvie

J.S.

Jerry Stannard

S.G.O.

Sidney George Owen

Jas. S.

James Stevenson

XXVll

Contributors to the Previous Editions

J.H.S.

John Hedley Simon

A.W.

Abraham Wasserstein

J.P.S.

John Patrick Sullivan

A.G.W.

Arthur Geoffrey Woodhead

M.S.

Margaret Elspeth Milne Smith

A.M.W.

Arthur Maurice Woodward

M.S.S.

Martin Stirling Smith

B.H.W.

Brian Herbert Warmington

O.J.L.S.

Oswald John Louis Szmerenyi

D.E.W.

Donald Emest Wilson Wormell

O.S.

Otto Skutsch

E.H.W.

Eric Herbert Warmington

P.S.

Peter Sahway

E.J.W.

Edward James Wood

R.S.

Ronald Syme

F.A.W.

Frederick Adam Wright

T.A.S.

Thomas Alan Sinclair

ER.W.

Francis Redding Walton

W.H.S.

Walter Haywood Shewring

EW.W.

Frank William Walbank

G.C.W.

George Clement Whittick

C.A.T.

Constantine A. Trypanis

G.R.W.

George Ronald Watson

D.B.T.

Dorothy Burr Thompson

G.W.W.

Gordon Willis Williams

E.A.T.

Edward Arthur Thompson

H.D.W.

Henry Dickinson Westlake

G.B.T.

Gavin B. Townend

H.T.W.-G.

Henry Theodore Wade-Gery

G.J.T.

G. J. Toomer

J.W.

Joshua Whatmough

H.A.T.

Homer Armstrong Thompson

J.B.W.-P.

John Bryan Ward-Perkins

J.M.C.T.

Jocelyn M. C. Toynbee

J.J.w.

John Joseph Wilkes

J.T.

Jonathan Tate

K.D.W.

Kenneth Douglas White

L.R.T.

Lily Ross Taylor

M.W.

Michael Winterbottom

M.N.T.

Marcus Niebuhr Tod

M.L.W.

Martin Litchfield West

P.T.

Piero Treves

N.G.W.

Nigel Guy Wilson

S.J.T.

S. J. Tester

R.E.W.

Richard Emest Wycherley

W.T.

William Telfer

R.P.W.-L.

Reginald Pepys Winnington-Ingram

W.W.T.

William Woodthorpe Tam

S.W.

Sheila White

T.B.L.W.

Thomas Bertram Lonsdale Webster

P.N.U.

Percy Neville Ure

T.E.W.

Thomas Erskine Wright

T.J.P.W.

Thomas Joseph Patrick Williams

A.W. van B.

Albert William van Buren

W.G.W

William Gillan Waddell

J.J. van N.

John James van Nostrand

W.S.W.

William Smith Watt

XXVlll

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE PRESENT WORK

A. GENERAL

abr.

abridged/ abridgement

Fr.

French

NS

new series

adesp.

adespota

fr.

ffagment

NT

New Testament

Akkad.

Akkadian

ft.

foot/feet

OE

Old English

app.

appendix

g-

gram/s

Ol.

Olympiad

app. erit.

apparatus criticus

Ger.

German

ON

Old Norse

Aeol.

Aeolie

Gk.

Greek

OP

Old Persian

art.

article

ha.

hectare/s

orig.

original (e.g. Ger./Fr.

Att.

Attic

Hebr.

Flebrew

orig. [edn.])

b.

bom

HS

sesterces

OT

Old Testament

Bab.

Babylonian

hyp.

hypothesis

oz.

ounce / s

beg.

at/ nr. beginning

i.a.

inter alia

p.a.

per annum

bibliog.

bibliography

ibid.

ibidem, in the same work

PIE

Proto-Indo-European

bk.

book

1E

Indo-European

P1

piate

c.

circa

imp.

impression

plur.

plural

cent.

century

in.

inch/es

pref.

preface

cm.

centimetre / s

introd.

introduction

Proc.

Proceedings

comm.

commentary

Ion.

Ionie

prol.

prologue

corr.

corrected

It.

Italian

ps,-

pseudo-

d.

died

kg-

kilogram/s

Pt-

part

Diss.

Dissertation

km.

kilometre/s

ref.

reference

Dor.

Dorie

lb.

pound/s

repr.

reprint, reprinted

end

at/nr. end

1.. 11.

line, lines

rev.

revised/by

ed.

editor, edited by

Iit.

literally

sel.

selected

ed. maior/minor major/minor

It.

litre/s

ser.

series

edition of critical text

L.

Linnaeus

sing.

singular

edn.

edition

Lat.

Latin

Skt.

Sanskrit

Einzelschr. Einzelschrift

m.

metre/s

Sp.

Spanish

EI.

Elamite

masc.

masculine

str.

strophe

Eng.

English

mi.

mile/s

Suppi.

Supplement

esp.

especially

ml.

millilitre/s

T

testimonium (i.e. piece of

Etr.

Etruscan

mod.

modern

ancient evidence about

exhib. cat.

exhibition catalogue

Mt.

Mount

an author)

fem.

feminine

n., nn.

note, notes

trans.

translation, translated by

f.,ff.

and following

n.d.

no date

v., w.

verse, verses

%

figure

neut.

neuter

Ven.

Venetic

fl.

floruit

no.

number

B. AUTHORS AND BOOKS

Note: [• •] names of authors or works in square brackets indicate false or doubtful attributions A small number above the line indicates the number of an edition

AirA

Antike und Abendland

A2S

Inscription of Artaxerxes II at

AA

see Syme, AA

Susa

AAA

Athens Annals of Archaeology

Abh. followed by

Abhandlungen

AAHG

AnzeigerfUr Altertumswissenschaji

name of

AAWM

Abhandlungen der Akademie der

Academy or

Wissenschaften in Mainz,

Society

geistes-und

Abh. sdchs. Ges. Wiss.

Abhandlungen der sdchsischen

A2H

sozialwissenschaftliche Klasse

Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften

Inscription of Artaxerxes II at

Abh. zu Gesch. d.

Abhandlungen zur Geschichte der

Flamadan

Math.

mathematischen Wissenschaften

Authors and Books

Abh.zu Gesch. d.

Abhandlungen zur Geschichte der

Amm. Mare.

Med.

Naturwissenschaften und d.

Ammon.

Medizin

Diffi

Acad. index Here.

Academicorum philosophorum

index Herculanensis editus a F.

Anae.

Buechelero (1869)

Anat. St.

Act. Ir.

Acta Iranica: Encyclopedie

Anc. Soc.

permanente des etudes iraniennes

Andoc.

AA

ApxatoXoyiKov J f Artor

Anecd. Bach.

AE

L'Annee Epigraphique, published

in Revue Archeologique and separately (1888- )

,. Bekk.

Ael.

Aelianus

.. Ox.

Ep.

Epistulae

NA

De natura animalium

VH

Varia Historia

Par.

AEM8

Archaiologiko Ergo ste Makedonia kai Thrake

Aen.

Aeneid

Ann. Ist.

Aen. Tact.

Aeneas Tacticus

Aesch.

Aeschylus

AS-

Agamemnon

Anon. De com.

Cho.

Choephoroe

ANRW

Eum.

Eumenides

Pers.

Persae

Ant. af.

PV

Prometheus Vinctus

Ant. Class.

Sept.

Septem contra Thebas

Anth. Lat.

Supp.

Supplices

Aeschin.

Aeschines

In Ctes.

Against Ctesiphon

In Tim.

Against Timarchus

Aet

Aetius

AGM

Sudhoffs Archivfiir Geschichte der

Anth. Lyr. Graec.

Medizin und der

Anth. Pal.

Naturwissenschaften

Anth. Plan.

AIV

Atti dellTstituto Veneto di Scienze,

Antig. Car.

Lettere ed Arti, Classe di scienze

Antiph.

morali e lettere

Antip. Sid.

AJAH

American Journal of Ancient History

Ant.Journ.

AJArch.

American Journal of Archaeology

Ant. Lib.

AJPhil.

American Journal ofPhilology

Met.

AK

Antike Kunst

Anz. followed by

Alc.

Alcaeus

name of

Alcidamas, Soph.

Alcidamas, Ilcpi aoJ>iaru)v

Academy or

Alcm.

Alcman

Society

Alexander, TriaLs

M. C. Alexander, Trials in the Late

AO

Roman Republic, 149-50 bc

APF

(1990)

Apollod.

Alex. Polyh.

Alexander Polyhistor

Bibi.

Altheim, Hist. Rom.

F. Altheim, Romische

Epit.

Rei.

Religionsgeschichte, trans. H.

Apollonius

Mattingly (1938; 2nd edn.

Mir.

(Ger.), 1956)

Apollonius

AM

see MDAI(A)

Dyscolus

AMB 1

L’Arabie et ses mers bordieres 1 :

Pron.

Itineraires et voisinages, ed. J. F.

App.

Salles (1988)

BCiv.

Amer. Acad. Rome

Memoirs of the American Academy

Hann.

at Rome

Hisp.

Amer. Hist. Rev.

American Historical Review

III.

AMI

Archaologische Mitteilungen aus

Mac.

Iran, ns (1968- )

Mith.

Ammianus Marcellinus Ammonius grammaticus TTcpi op-otwv Kai 8ia<f>opu)v

A e£ewv Anacreon Amtolian Studies Ancient Society Andocides

Anecdota Graeca, ed. L.

Bachmann (1828-9)

Anecdota Graeca, ed. I. Bekker, 3 vols. (1814-21)

Anecdota Graeca e codd. MSS Bibi. Oxon., ed.J. A. Cramer, 4 vols. (1835-7)

Anecdota Graeca e codd. MSS Bibi. Reg. Parisiensis, ed. J. A. Cramer, 4 vols. (1839-41) Annali dei Istituto di

Corrispondenza Archaeologica (1829- )

Anonymus De Comoedia Aufstieg und Niedergang der romischen Welt (1972- )

Antiquites africaines L’Antiquite classique Anthologia Latina, ed. A. Riese, F. Buecheler, and E.

Lommatzsch (1869-1926); ed. D. R. Shacldeton Bailey, 1 : Carmina in codicibus scripta (1982) see Diehl

Anthologia Palatina Anthologia Planudea Antigonus Carystius Antiphon Antipater Sidonius Antiquaries Journal Antoninus Liberalis Metamorphoses Anzeiger or Anzeigen

see De vel in, AO see Davies, APF Apollodorus mythographus Bibliotheca Epitome

Apollonius paradoxographus Mirabilia

De pronominibus Appian Bella civilia

'/liaafaiKrj

‘Wvp^v

'iXXvpiKrj

MaKcSoviKrj

Mldpi8a.T€lOS

XXX

Authors and Books

App.

IA

De incessu animalium

Puti.

AlfivKT)

Int.

De interpretatione

Sam.

ZavvniK-q

[Liti. /fis.]

De lineis insecabilibus

Syr.

ZvpiaKTf

[Mag. mor.]

Magna moralia

App. Verg.

Appendix Vergiliana

[Mech.]

Mechanica

Apsines, Rhet.

Apsines, Ars rhetorica

Mem.

De memoria

Apth. Prog.

Aphthonius, Progymnasmata

Metaph.

Metaphysica

Apul.

Apuleius

Mete.

Meteorologica

Apol.

Apologia

[Mir. ause.]

see Mir. ause, under M

Asclep.

Asclepius

[Mund.]

De mundo

De deo Soc.

De deo Socratico

[' Oec .]

Oeconomica

De dog. Piat.

De dogmate Platonis

Part. an.

De partibus animalium

Flor.

Florida

Parv. nat.

Parva naturalia

Met.

Metamorphoses

Ph.

Physica

Ap. Rhod.

Apollonius Rhodius

[Phgn.]

Physiognomonica

Argon.

Argonautica

Poet.

Poetica

At.

Aristophanes

Pol.

Politica

Aci i.

Achamenses

[Pr.]

Problemata

Av.

Aves

Resp.

De respiratione

Eccl.

Ecclesiazusae

Rh.

Rhetorica

Eq.

Equites

[Rh. A!.]

Rhetorica ad Alexandrum

Lys.

Lysistrata

Sens.

De sensu

Nub.

Nubes

Soph. el.

Sophistici elenchi

Plut.

Plutus

Top.

Topica

Ran.

Ranae

[Xen.]

De Xenophane

Thesm.

Thesmophoriazusae

Aristid. Or

Aristides, Orationes

Vesp.

Vespae

Aristid. Quint.

Aristides Quintilianus

Aratus, Phaen.

Aratus, Phaenomena

Aristox.

Aristoxenus

Progn.

Prognostica

Fr. hist.

Fragmenta historica

Ar. Byz.

Aristophanes Byzantinus

Harm.

Harmonica

Arch. Ad.

Archaeologia Aeliana (Newcastle-

Rhythm.

Rhythmico

upon-Tyne)

Arn.

Arnobius

Arch. Anz.

Archdologischer Anzeiger in Jahr-

Adv. nat.

Adversus nationes

buch des [kaiserlichen] deutschen

Arnim (von)

see SVF

archaologischen Instituis

Arr.

Arrian

( JDAI )

Anab.

Anabasis

Arch. Class.

Archaeologia Classica

Cyn.

Cynegeticus

' Apx- 'E<jr

/IfigaLoXoyiKrj ’E<j>rjp.cp£s

Epict. diss.

Epicteti dissertationes

Archii.

Archilochus

Parth.

Parthica

Archim. Method

Archimedes, Method of

Peripl. M. Eux.

Periplus Maris Euxini

Mechanical Theorems

Tact.

Tactica

Arch. Journ.

Archaeological Journal

Artem.

Artemidorus Daldianus

Arch. Laz.

Archeologia Laziale

ARV

J. D. Beazley, Attic Red-Figure Vase-

Arch. Pap.

Archivjiir Papyrusforschung

Painters, 2nd edn. (1963)

Arch. Rep.

Archaeological Reports published by the Hellenic Society

ARVAdd

T. Carpenter, T. Mannack, and

M. Mendon^a, Beazley

Arist.

Aristotle

Addenda, 2nd edn. (1990)

An. post.

Analytica posteriora

ARV Para

J. D. Beazley, Paralipomena

An. pr.

Analytica priora

Additions to Attic Black-Figure

[Ath. Pol.]

'Adqvatwv TToXircia

Vase-Painters and to Attic Red-

Cael.

De caelo

Figure Vase-Painters (1971)

Cat.

Categoriae

ARW

Archivjiir Religionswissenschajt

[Coi.]

De coloribus

ASAA

Annuario della Scuola archeologica

Dean.

De anima

di Atene e delle Missioni italiane

[De audib.]

De audibilibus

in Oriente

De motu an.

De motu animalium

ASAE

Annales du Service des antiquites de

Div. somn.

De divinatione per somnia

1'Egypte

Eth. Eud.

Ethica Eudemia

Asc.

Asconius

Eth. Nic.

Ethica Nicomachea

Com.

Commentary on Cicero, Pro

Gen. an.

De generatione animalium

Comeleo de maiestate

Gen. corr.

Degeneratione et corruptione

Mil.

Commentary on Cicero, Pro

Hist. an.

Historia animalium

Milone

XXXI

Authors and Books

Asc.

B Aegypt.

Carmen de Bello Aegyptiaco sive

Pis.

Commentary on Cicero, In

Actiaco (papyrus ffagment)

Pisonem

Baehr.

E. Baehrens

Verr.

Commentary on Cicero, In

FPR

Fragmenta Poetarum Romanorum

Verrem

(1866)

Asc. . . . C

Asconius, ed. A. C. Clark (OCT,

PLM

see PLM Vollmer/Morel

1907)

BAfr.

Bellum Africum

ASNP

Annali della Scuola Normale

Bagnall and Derow

R. S. Bagnall and P. Derow, Greek

Superiore di Pisa, Classe di

Historical Documents: The

Lettere e Filosofia

Hellenistic Period (1981)

ASSR

Archives des Sciences sociales de

B Alex.

Bellum Alexandrinum

religion

Basii. De virg.

Basilius, De virginitate

Asrin, Scipio

A. E. Astin, Scipio Aemilianus

BASP

Bulletin of the American Society of

(1967)

Papyrologists

Ath.

Athenaeus

Bauman, WPAR

R. A. Bauman, Women and

Athenaeum

Athenaeum (Pavia). ns (1923- )

Politics in Ancient Rome

Athenagoras, Leg.

Athenagoras, Legatio pro

(1992)

Christianis

BCH

Bulletin de Correspondance

pro Christ.

= flpeafela ircpl XpianavCov

Hellenique

Ath. poi.

Athenaion politeia (Aristotelian);

BE

Bulletin epigraphique, pub. in

see also Xen. for 'Old

Revue des etudes grecques

Oligarch’ i.e. Ps.-Xen. Ath. Pol.

Beazley, ABV

J. D. Beazley, Attic Black-figure

ATL

B. D. Meritt, H. T. Wade-Gery,

Vase Painters (1956)

and M. F. McGregor, The

ARV1

Attic Red-figure Vase Painters, 2nd

Athenian Tribute Lists 1-4

edn. (1963)

(1939-53)

Paralipomena

Paralipomena: Additions to ABV

Auct. ad Her.

Auctor ad Herennium

and ARV2 (1971)

August.

Augustine

Beazley Addenda

T. H. Carpenter, Beazley Addenda:

Ad Rem.

Expositio ofEpist. ad Romanos

Additional References to ABV,

C. acad.

Contra academicos

ARV 2 and Paralipomena, 2nd

Conf.

Confessions

BEFEO

edn. (1989)

De civ. D.

De civitate Dei

Bulletin: Ecolefranfaise d 'Extreme

Div. quaest.

De diversis quaestionibus

Orient

In Evang. Iohan.

Tractatus in Evangelium Iohannis

Beitr.

Beitrag, Beitrdge

Ep.

Epistulae

Beloch

K.J. Beloch

Retract.

Retractationes

Gr. Gesch.

Griechische Geschichte, 2nd edn.

Serm.

Sermones

(1912-27)

Aul. Geli.

see Geli.

Rdm. Gesch.

Romische Geschichte bis zum

Aur. Viet. Caes.

Aurelius Victor, Caesares

Beginn der punischen Kriege

[Aur. Viet.] De vir. ili.

[Aurelius Victor], De viris

(1926)

illustribus

Bengtson, Strategie

H. Bengtson, Die Strategie in der

Auson.

Ausonius (see Green)

hellenistischen Zeit,

Cent. nupt.

Cento nuptialis

Munchener Beitrage zur

Grat. act.

Gratiarum actio

Papyrusforschung und

Mos.

Mosella

Rechtsgeschichte 26 (1937), 32

Ordo nob. urb.

Ordo nobilium urbium

(1944), 36(1952)

Prof. Burd.

Commemoratio professorum

Rdm. Gesch.

Grundriss der rdmischen Geschichte

Burdigalensium

(1967)

Technop.

Technopaegnion

Berard, Bibi, topogr.

J. Berard, Bibliographie

Austin

M. M. Austin, The Hellenistic

topographique des principales

World firom Alexander to the

cites grecques de l 'Italie

Roman Conquest( 1981)

meridionale et de la Sicile dans

Austin, CGFP

C. Austin, Comicorum Graecorum

1'antiquite (1941)

fragmenta in papyris reperta

Berl. Abh.

Abhandlungen derpreufl. Akademie

(1973)

d. Wissetischaften zu Berlin (1786-1907; 1908- )

BaBesch.

Bulletin antieke Beschavung

Bernabe, PEG

A. Bernabe, Poetae Epici Graeci 1

Bacchyl.

Bacchylides (ed. B. Snell and H.

(1988)

Maehler, 1970)

Ber. Sachs. Ges. Wiss.

Berichte uber die Verhandlungen der

BAct.

Bellum Actiacum: see B Aegypt.

[Kgl. j sachsischen Gesellschaji

Badian, Stud. Gr.

E. Badian, Studies in Greek and

der Wissetischaften zu Leipzig

Rem. Hist.

Roman History ( 1 964)

(1848)

xxxii

Authors and Books

Berve,

FI. Berve, Das Alexanderreich aus

Briscoe, Comm. 31-

Alexanderreich

prosopographischer Grundlage

33

(1927)

Comm. 34-37

BGU

Berliner Grieehisehe Urkunden

(Agyptische Urkunden aus den

Brommer,

Kgl. Museen zu Berlin)

Vasenlisten

BHisp.

Bellum Hispaniense

Bibi. Ec. Franc.

Bibliotheque des Ecoles Jranfaises

d’ Athenes et de Rome (\S77- )

Broughton, MRR

BICS

Bulletin of the Institute of Classieal Studies, London

Bidez-Cumont

J. Bidez and F. Cumont, Les Mages hellenises, 2 vols. (1938)

Bieber, Sculpt.

M. Bieber, Sculpture of the

Bruns, Font.

Hellenist. Age

Hellenistic Age, 2nd edn.

(1961)

Brunt, RIT

BIFAO

Bulletin de l 'Institut franfais

d’ Archeologie Orientale (Cairo)

BSA

BiOr

Bibliotheca Orientalis

BJ

Bonner Jahrbucher

BTCGI

BKT

Berliner Klassikertexte, herausgegeben ven der Generalverwaltung der Kgl.

Museen zu Berlin ( 1 904- )

Biichner, FPL

Blass, Att. Ber.

F. Blass, Die Attische Beredsamkeit, 2nd edn. (1887-98)

Bude

BM

British Museum

BMB

Bulletin du Musee de Beyrouth

BMC

British Museum Catalogue

Buecheler, Carm.

BM Coins, Rem. Emp.

British Museum Catalogue of Coins of the Roman Empire ( 1 923- )

Epigr.

BN

Beitrage zur Namenforschung,

Heidelberg

Bull. Com. Areh.

Boli. d’Arte

Bollettino d’arte

Boli. Fil. Class.

Bollettino difilologia classica (1894-1929); NS (1930- )

Bull. Ist. Di r. Rem.

Bonner Jahrb.

Bonner Jahrbucher (1895- )

Bull. Rylands Libr.

Bosworth, HCA

A. B. Bosworth, Historical Com¬ mentary on Arrian’s History of

Burkert, GR

Alexander 1 : Commentary on Books i-iii (1980); 2: Com¬

Burkert, HN

mentary on Books iv-v (1995)

Burnet, EGP

Bouche-Lederq,

A. Bouche-Leclerq, Histoire de la

Hist. div.

divination dans Vantiquite, 4 vols. (1879-82)

Bursian

Bowersock, AGW

G. W. Bowersock, Augustus and the Greek World (1965)

Jahresb.

B. phil. Woch.

Berliner philologische

Wochenschrijt (1881-1 920)

Busolt, Gr. Geseh.

Bremer

F. P. Bremer, lurisprudentiae antehadrianae quae supersunt: 1

(1896); 2/1 (1898); 2/2 (1901)

Byz. Forsch.

Bresl. phil. Abh.

Breslauer philologische

Byz. und Neugr.

Abhandlungen

Jahrb.

BRGK

Bericht der romisch-germanischen Kommission des deutschen archdologischen Instituts

Byz. Zeitschr.

Briant, HEA

R Briant, De Cyrus a Alexandre:

CirM

1’Histoire de 1’empire

Cabrol-Leclerq,

achemenide (forthcoming)

D ict. d’arch.

[published title: Histoire de l 'empire perse (1996)]

chretienne

J. Briscoe, A Commentary on Livy Books xxxi-xxxiii ( 1 973)

A Commentary on Livy Books xxxiv-xxxvii (1981)

F. Brommer, Vasenlisten zur griechischen Heldensage (2nd edn. 1960; 3rd edn.

1973)

T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrales of the Roman Republic (1951-2); Suppi.

(1986: supersedes Suppi.

1960)

C. G. Bruns, Fontes iuris Romani antiqui, 7th edn. (1919)

R A. Brunt, Roman Imperial Themes (1990)

Annual of the British School at Athens (1895- )

G. Nenci and G. Vallet (eds), Bibliografia topografica della colonizzazione greca in Italia e nelle isole tirreniche

see Morel-Btlchner, FPL

Collection des Univ. de France, publiee sous le patronage de 1'Assoc. Guillaume Bude

F. Buecheler, Carmina Latina Epigraphiea, 2 vols. with Suppi, by E. Lommatzsch (1894-1930)

Bullettino ella Commissione archeologica comunale in Roma

Bullettino dei Istituto di diritto romano

Bulletin of John Rylands Library

W. Burkert, trans. J. Raffan, Greek Religion (1985)

W. Burkert, trans. P. Bing, Homo Necans (1983)

J. Burnet, Early Greek Philosophy 4th edn. (1930)

C. Bursian, Geographie von Griechenland 2 (1872)

Bursians Jahresberichte uber die Fortschritte der Altertumswis- senschaft (1873- )

G. Busolt, Grieehisehe Geschichte,

4 vols., vols. 1 and 2 in 2nd edn. (1893-1904)

Byzantinische Forschungen

Byzantinisch-neugriechische

Jahrbucher

Byzantinische Zeitschriji

Classica et Mediaevalia F. Cabrol and FI. Leclerq (eds.), Dictionnaire d 'archeologie chretienne et de liturgie, 1 5 vols. (1907-53)

XXXUl

Authors and Books

Caes.

Caesar

Celsus, Med.

Celsus, De medicina

B Afr.

Bellum Africum

Censorinus, DN

Censorinus, De die natali

BCiv.

Bellum Civile

CGF

G. Kaibel, Comicorum Graecorum

B Gall.

Bellum Gallicum

Fragmenta (1899)

CAF

T. Kock, Comicorum Atticorum

Chalcid. In Tim.

Chalcidius, In Platonis

Fragmenta (1880-8)

Timaeum

CAH

Cambridge Ancient History, 2nd

Charisius, Gramm.

Charisius, Ars grammatica

edn. (1961- ; lst edn. 1923-

CHCL

Cambridge History of Classical

39)

Literature, 1: Greek Literature,

Cahiers de la DAF1

Cahiers de la delegation fran<;aise en

ed. P. E. Easterling and B. M.

Iran

W. Knox (1985); 2: Latin

Callim.

Callimachus

Literature, ed. E.J. Kenney and

Aet.

Aetia

W. V Clausen (1982)

Epigr.

Epigrammata

Chiron

Chiron: Mitteilungen der

Hymn 1

Hymn to Zeus

Kommissionfur alte Geschichte

2

„ „ Apollo

und Epigraphik des deutschen

3

„ „ Artemis

archaologischen Instituts

4

„ „ Delos

CHJ

Cambridge Historical Journal

5

„ „ Athena

Christ-Schmid-

W. von Christ, Geschichte d.

„ 6

„ „ Demeter

Stahlin

griechischen Literatur, rev. W.

Ia.

lambics

Schmid and O. Stahlin, vol.

Calp. Ecl.

Calpurnius Siculus, Eclogues

2/1*. See also 2/26 Schmid-

Carm. arv.

Carmen arvale

Stahlin

Carm. epigr.

Carmina epigraphica (‘pars

Chron. d'E

Chroniques d'Egypte

posterior’ of Anthologia

Chron. Marcell.

Marcellinus, Chronicon

Latina)

Chron. min.

Chronica minora

Carm. pop.

Carmina popularia in Diehls

Chron. Pasch.

Chronicon Paschale

Anth. Lyr. Graec.2, pp. 192-

CIA

Corptts Inscriptionum Atticarum

208

(1825- )

Carm. Sal.

Carmen Saliare

Cic.

Cicero (Marcus Tullius)

Cary, Ge ographic

M. Cary, The Geographic

Acad.

Academicae quaestiones

Background

Background of Greek and Roman

Acad. post.

Academica posteriora

History ( 1 949)

(= Plasberg, Bk. 4)

Cary-

M. Cary and E. H. Warmington,

Acad. Pr.

Academica Priora ( = Plasberg,

Warmington,

The Ancient Explorers (1929;

Bk. 1)

Explorers

Penguin/Pelican, 1963)

Ad Brut.

Epistulae ad Brutum

Cass. Dio

Cassius Dio

Amic.

De amicitia

Cassiod.

Cassiodorus

Are h.

Pro Archia

Inst.

Institutiones

Att.

Epistulae ad Atticum

Var.

Variae

Balb.

Pro Balbo

Castagnoli, Stud.

F. Castagnoli (ed.), Studi di

Brut.

Brutus or De Claris Oratoribus

urb.

urbanistica antica ( 1 966)

Caecin.

Pro Caecina

Cat. Lit. Pap.

H. J. M. Milne, Catalogue of the

Cael.

Pro Caelio

Literary Papyri in the British

Cat.

In Catilinam

Museum (1927)

Clu.

Pro Cluentio

Cato, Agr.

Cato, De agricultura or De re

Corn.

Pro Cornelio de maiestate

rustica

(fragmentary)

Orig.

Origines

De imp. Cn. Pomp.

see Leg. Man.

Catuli.

Catullus

Deiot.

Pro rege Deiotaro

Caven, Punic Wars

B. Caven, The Punic Wars (1988)

Deor.

De oratore

CCAG

Catalogus Codicum Astrologorum

Div.

De divinatione

Graecorum, ed. F. Cumont and

Div. Caee.

Divinatio in Caecilium

others 9 vols.

Dom.

De domo sua

CCGS

Corpus Christianorum, series

Fam.

Epistulae ad familiares

Graeca ( 1977- )

Fat.

De fato

CCSL

Corpus Christianorum, series

Fin.

De finibus

Latina (1953- )

Flac.

Pro Flacco

CEFR

Collections de VE cole franfaise de

Font.

Pro Fonteio

Rome( 1976- )

Har. resp.

De haruspicum responso

CEG

P. A. Hansen, Carmina

Inv. rhet.

De inventione rhetorica

Epigraphica Graeca, 2 vols.

Leg.

De legibus

(1983-9)

Leg. agr.

De lege agraria

XXXIV

Authors and Books

Cic.

Sacred Officials

The Sacred Officials of the

Leg. Man.

Pro lege Manilia or De imperio Cn.

Eleusinian Mysteries (1974)

Pompeii

CMG

Corpus Medicorum Graecorum

Lig.

Pro Ligario

(1908- )

Luc.

Lucullus or Academica

CML

Corpus Medicorum Latinorum

posteriora

(1915- )

Marcell.

Pro Marcello

Coarelli, Roma

F. Coarelli, Guida archeologica

MU.

Pro Milone

Laterza: Roma,6th edn.

Mur.

Pro Murena

(1989)

Nat. D.

De natura deorum

Cod.

Codex

Off.

De officiis

Codd. Lat. Ant.

E. A. Lowe, Codices Latini

Orat.

Orator ad M. Brutum

(Lowe)

Antiquiores (1934-66); Suppi.

Part. or.

Partitiones oratoriae

(1971); 2nd edn. of vol. 1

Phil.

Orationes Philippicae

(1972)

Pis.

In Pisonem

Cod. Iust.

Codex lustinianus

Plane.

Pro Plancio

Cod. Theod.

Codex Theodosianus

Prov. cons.

De provinciis consularibus

Coli. Alex.

see Powell

QFr.

Epistulae ad Quintum fratrem

Collingwood-

R. G. Collingwood and J. N. L.

Q Rose.

Pro Roscio comoedo

Myres, Roman

Myres, Roman Britain and the

Quinct.

Pro Quinctio

Britain

English Settlements, 2nd edn.

Rab. Post.

Pro Rabirio Postumo

(1937; repr. 1963)

Red. pop.

Post reditum ad populum

Collingwood-

R. G. Collingwood, R. P. Wright,

Red. sen.

Post reditum in senatu

Wright, RIB

and others, The Roman In-

Rep.

De republica

scriptions of Britain (1965- )

Rose. Am.

Pro Sexto Roscio Amerino

Columella, Rust.

Columella, De re rustica

Scaur.

Pro Scauro

Comm. in Arist.

Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca

Sen.

De senectute

Graeca

Sest.

Pro Sestio

Conon, Narr.

Conon Mythographus,

Somn.

Somnium Scipionis

Acqyqocts

Sull.

Pro Sulla

Const.

Constitutio

Tog cand.

Oratio in senatu in toga candida

Conway, Ital. Dial.

R. S. Conway, Italic Dialects

(fragmentary)

(1897)

Top.

Topica

Cook, Zeus

A. B. Cook, Zeus: A Study in

Tuse.

Tusculanae disputationes

Ancient Religion, vol. 1 (1914),

Verr.

In Verrem

2(1925), 3(1940)

Cicero, Comment.

Cicero (Quintus),

Cornutus, Theol.

Cornutus (L. Annaeus),

pet.

Commentariolum petitionis

Graec.

'Eirihpop.il rwv Kara rrjv

Cichorius, Rdm.

C. Cichorius, Romiscl te Studien

‘ EWrjiLKTji1 OeoAoyiar

Stud.

(1922; repr. 1961) (cited by

irapahehopevwv

chapter and section)

Corp. poes. ep. Graec.

Corpusculum poesis epicae Graecae

CIE

Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum

lud.

ludibundae 1: Parodia et

(1893- )

Archestratus, P. Brandt (1888);

CIJ

Corpus Inscriptionum ludaicarum,

2; Syllographi Graeci, C.

ed.J.-B. Frey (1936-52)

Wachsmuth (1885)

C1L

Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum

C Phil.

Classical Philology

(1863- )

Courtney, FLP

E. Courtney, The Fragmentary

CISem.

Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum

Latin Poets (1993)

(1881- )

CPL

Corpus Poetarum Latinorum

CJ

Classical Journal

(1894-1920)

Cl. Ant.

Classical Antiquity

CQ

Classical Quarterly

Claud.

Claudianus

CR

Classical Review

Cons. Hon. Cons.

De consulatu Honorii De

CR Acad. Inscr.

Comptes rendus de l 'Academie des

Stil.

consulatu Stilichonis

Inscriptions et Belles-lettres

CLE

F. Biicheler and E. Lommatzsch

Cramer, Anecd. Par.

see Anecd. Par.

(eds.). Carmina Latina

CRF

see Ribbeck

Epigraphica (1895-1926)

CronASA

Cronache di archeologia e di storia

Clem. AI.

Clemens Alexandrinus

delParte

Protr.

Protrepticus

Cron. Ere.

Bolletino dei Centro

Strom.

Stromateis

internazionale per lo studio dei

Clinton, Iconography

K. Clinton, Myth and Cult: The

papyri ercolanesi

Iconography of the Eleusinian

CSEL

Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasti¬

Mysteries ( 1 992)

corum Latinorum (1866 ff.)

XXXV

Authors and Books

Cui.

Culex (see appendix vergiliana)

Cumont, Rei. or.

F. Cumont, Les Religions orientales dans le paganisme romain, 4th edn. (1929)

Curt.

Q. Curtius Rufus

CVA

Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum (1925- )

Cyril. Adv. lui.

Cyrillus, Adversus Iulianum

Dam. Isid.

Damascius, Vita Isidori

Dar.-Sag.

C. Daremberg and E. Saglio, Dictionnaire des antiquites grecques et romaines d'apres les textes et les monuments ( 1 877- 1919)

Davies, APF

J. K. Davies, Athenian Propertied Families 600-300 bc( 1971)

Davies, EGF

M. Davies, Epicorum Graecorum Fragmenta ( 1988)

PMGF

Poetarum Melicorum Graecorum Fragmenta (1991)

DB

Inscription of Darius I at

Bisutun

DCB

Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature, ed. H. Wace and W. C. Piercy (1911)

DCPP

Dictionnaire de la civilisation phenicienne et punique (1992)

Dechelette, Manuel

J. Dechelette, Manuel d’archeologie prehistorique, celtique et gallo-romaine (1908- 14)

De Com.

see Anon. De Com.

Def. tab. Audollent

A. Audollent, Defixionum Tabellae (1904)

Def. tab. Wiinsch

R. Wiinsch, Defixionum Tabellae (=IG 3/3) (1897)

Degrasi, ILLRP

see ILLRP

Delos

Explorations archeologiques de

Delos (1909- )

Dem.

Demosthenes

Decor.

De corona

Epit.

Epitaphius

Lept.

Against Leptines

Meid.

Against Meidias

Demetr. Eloc.

Demetrius [Phalereus] , De Elocutione = Uept eppcq vetas

Demiariczuk, Supp.

J. Demianczuk, Supplementum

Com.

Comicum (1912)

Democr.

Democritus

De Sanctis, Stor.

G. De Sanctis, Storia dei Romani,

Rem.

vols. 1-22 .(1959-60), 32(I967- 8), 4/ l2 (1969), 4/2-3 (1953- 64)

Dessau, ILS

H. Dessau, Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae (1892-1916)

Deubner, Attische Feste

L. Deubner, Attische Feste (1932)

Develin, AO

R. Develin, Athenian Officials 684- 321 bc( 1989)

De vir. ill.

De viris illustribus (auctor ignotus)

DFA’

A. W. Pickard-Cambridge, rev. J. Gould and D. M. Lewis, Dramatic Festivals ofAthens, 3rd edn. (1988)

DHA

Dialogues d'histoire ancienne

Dial. di Arci t.

Dialoghi di archeologia

Dict. Sci. Biogr.

Dictionary of Scientific

Biography ed. C. Gillespie (1970-80)

Dict. Spir.

Dictionnaire de spiritualite ascetique et mystique (1933)

Did. lui.

Didius lulianus, see SHA

Diehl. Anth. Lyr.

E. Diehl, Anthologia Lyrica Graeca

Graec.

(1925; 2nd edn. 1942; 3rd edn. 1949-52)

Poet. Rem. vet.

Poetarum Romanorum veterum reliquiae (1911)

Diels, Dox. Graec.

H. Diels, Doxograph i Graeci (1879)

Diels-Kranz,

Vorsokr.

see DK

Dig.

Digesta

Din.

Dinarchus

Dio Cass.

Dio Cassius

Dio Chrys.

Dio Chrysostomus

Or.

Orationes

Diod. Magn.

Diodes of Magnesia

Dio Cocc.

Dio Cocceianus; see Dio Chrys.

Diod. Sic.

Diodorus Siculus

Diogenian.

Diogenianus Paroemiographus

Diog. Laert.

Diogenes Laertius

Diom.

Diomedes Grammaticus

Dion. Calliphon.

Dionysius Calliphontis filius

Dion. Hal.

Dionysius Halicarnassensis

Ant. Rem.

Antiquitates Romanae

Comp.

De compositione verborum

De imit.

De imitatione

Dem.

De Demosthene

Isoc.

De Isocrate

Lys.

De Lysia

Pomp.

Epistula ad Pompeium

Rhet.

Ars rhetorica

Thuc.

De Thucydide

Vett. cens.

De veterum censura

Dion. Thrax

Dionysius Thrax

Dionys. Per.

Dionysius Periegeta

Diss. Pan.

Dissertationes Pannonicae (1932- )

Dittenberg. Syll.’

see Syll.’

Diz. Epigr.

see Ruggiero

DK

H. Diels and W. Kranz, Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 6th edn.

(1952)

Donat.

Aelius Donatus

Vit. Verg.

Vita Vergilii

DOP

Dumbarton Oaks Papers

Dox. Graec.

see Diels

D Serv.

see Serv. Dan.

DTC

Dictionnaire de Theologie Catholique, ed. A. Vacant, E. Mangenot and E. Amann, 15 vols. (1903-50)

XXXVI

Authors and Books

Duff, Minor Lat.

J. W. and A. M. Duff, Minor Latin

Eudem.

Eudemus

Poets

Poets (Loeb, 1935; repr. 1968,

Eunap.

Eunapius

1982)

VS

Vitae sophistarum

Dumezil, ARR

G. Dumezil, Archaic Roman

Eup.

Eupolis

Religion (1987; Fr. orig. 1974)

Eur.

Euripides

Dunbabin, Western

T. J. Dunbabin, The Western

Alc.

Alcestis

Greeks

Greeks (1948)

Andr.

Andromache

Bacch.

Bacchae

EA

Epigraphica Anatoliea

Beller.

Bellerophon

EAA

Enciclopedia delTarte antica

Cyc.

Cyclops

(1958- )

El.

Electra

Edmonds, FAC

J. M. Edmonds, Fragments o/Attic

Hec.

Hecuba

Comedy 3 vols. (1957-61)

Hei.

Helena

EEC

Encyclopaedia of the Early Church,

Heracl.

Heraclidae

2 vols. (1992)

HF

Hercules furens

EGF

G. Kinkel, Epicorum Graecorum

Hipp.

Hippolytus

Fragmenta (1877); in part

Hyps.

Hypsipyle

superseded by Bernabe, PEG

IA

Iphigenia Aulidensis

EJ

V Ehrenbergand A. H. M. Jones,

IT

Iphigenia Taurica

Documents Ulustrating the

Med.

Medea

Reigns of Augustus and Tiberius,

Or.

Orestes

2nd edn. (1976)

Phoen.

Phoenissae

Enc. Brit.

Encyclopaedia Britannica

Rhes.

Rhesus

Enc. Ir.

Enciclopedia Iranica, ed. E. Yar-

Sthen.

Stheneboea

Shater (1985- )

Supp.

Supplices

Enc. Virg.

Enciclopedia Virgiliana, 5 vols.

Tro.

Troades

(1984-90)

Euseb.

Eusebius

Enn. Ann.

Ennius, Annales

Chron.

Chronica

Entretiens Hardt

Fondation Hardt, Essais sur

Hist. eccl.

Historia ecclesiastica

Vantiquite classique (1952- )

Praep. evang.

Praeparatio evangelica

Ep.

Epistula

Vit. Const.

Vita Constantini

Eph. Epigr.

Ephemeris Epigraphica, Corporis

Eust.

Eustathius

Inscriptionum Latinarum

n.

Ad Iliadem

Supplementum (1 872- )

Od.

Ad Odysseam

Epicharm.

Epicharmus

Prooem. ad Pind.

Eustath ii prooemium

Epicurus

Epicurus

commentariorum

Ep.

Epistulae

Pindaricorum, ed.

Ep. Hdt.

Epistula ad Herodotum

F. W. Schneidewin (1837)

Ep. Men.

Epistula ad Menoeceum

Eutocius, In Arci t.

Eutocius, In Archimedis circuli

Ep. Py th.

Epistula ad Py thoclem

cire. dim.

dimensionem

Sent. Vat.

Vatiean Sayings, = Gnomologium

Eutr.

Eutropius

Vaticanum

EW

East and West

RS

Ratae sententiae

Epigr. Gr.

G. Kaibel, Epigrammata Graeca ex

lapidibus conlecta (1878)

FAC

see Edmonds

Epiph. Adv. haeres.

Epiphanius, Adversus haereses

Farnell, Cults

L. R. Farnell, The Cults of the Greek

Epit.

Epitome

States (1896-1909)

Epit. de Caes.

Epitome de Caesaribus (in Teubner

Hero-Cults

Greek Hero-Cults and Ideas of

Aur. Viet. Caes., ed. F.

Immortality (1921)

Pichlmayer(I911), 133-76)

FCG

see Meineke

Epit. Oxyrh.

Epitome Oxyrhynchica of Livy

FCGM

see Olivieri

EPRO

Etudes preliminaires aux

FD

Fouilles de Delphes

religions orientales dans Vempire

Festus, Gloss. Lat.

W. M. Lindsay’s second edn. of

romain

Festus in his Glossaria Latina,

Eratosth.

Eratosthenes

vol. 4

[Cat.]

[Karaorcpiop-ot]

FGrH

F. Jacoby, Fragmente der

ERE

see Hastings

griechischen Historiker

*Epyov

To "Epyov rrjs 'ApxatoXoyiKrjs

(1923- )

‘Eraipelas

FHG

C. MUller, Fragmenta

Et. de Pap.

Etudes de papyrologie (1932-74)

Historicorum Graecorum (1841—

Etym. Magn.

Etymologicum Magnum

70)

Euc.

Euclid

FIRA

see Riccobono, FIRA

XXXVll

Authors and Books

Firm. Mat.

Firmicus Maternus

GAC

R. Flope Simpson and O.

Err. prof. rei.

De errore profanarum religionum

Dickinson, Gazetteer of Aegean

Fittschen and

K. Fittschen and P. Zanker,

Civilisation in the Bronze Age 1 :

Zanker

Katalog der rdmischen Portrats

The Mainland and Islands

in den capitolinischen Museen

(1979)

(1983- )

Gai. Inst.

Gaius, Institutiones

Fleck J. Suppi.

Fleckeisens JahrbiicherJur klassische

Gal.

Galen

Philologie, Suppi. 24 (1898) =

De loc. ajf.

De locis affectis

Neue Jahrbiicher f. d. klassische

Libr. Propr.

Ilepl Tcui' ibiW fiftACcov

Altertum

Nat. Fac.

I If f)L fnjOtKWV 8vvdfM€U)V

Flor.

L. Annaeus Florus

GB

Grazer Beitrdge: Zeitschriftjur

FLP

see Courtney, FLP

klassische

FOR

Forma Orbis Romanae. Carte

Altertumswissenschaft

archeologique de la Gaule

GCS

Die griechischen christlichen

romaine, ed. A. Blanchet

Schriftsteller der erstem

(1931- )

Jahrhunderte (1897- )

Forbes, Stud. Ane.

R. J. Forbes, Studies in Ancient

GDI

FI. Collitz and others, Sammlung

Technol.

Technology 9 vols. (1957-

der griechischen

64); 2nd edn., 9 vols. (1964-

Dialektinschriften (1884-1915)

72)

Geli.

Aulus Gellius

Fornara

C. W. Fornara (ed.), Archaic Times

NA

Nectes Atticae

to the End of the Peloponnesian

German.

Germanicus

War, 2nd edn.; Translated

Arat.

Aratea

Documents of Greece and Rome

Gesch.

Geschichte

1 (1983)

GGM

C. Miiller, Geographici Graeci

FPG

F. W. A. Mullach, Fragmenta

Minores (1855-61)

Philosophorum Graecorum

0/

Geographical Journal

(1860-81)

Gjerstad, Early

E. Gjerstad, Early Rome, 6 vols.

FPL

see Morel-Biichner, FPL

Rome

(1953-73)

FPR

see Baehr.

Gloss. Lat.

see Lindsay

Frank, Econ. Survey

T. Frank (ed). An Economie Survey

Glotz, Hist. grecque

G. Glotz, R. Cohen, and P.

of Ancient Rome, 5 vols. (1933-

Roussel, Histoire grecque vols.

40)

1-4/1 (1925-38)

Fraser, Pro/. Alex.

P. M. Fraser, Ptolemaic Alexandria,

GLP

see Page, GLP

3 vols. (1972)

Gnomon

Gnomon, Kritische Zeitschriftjur d.

Frere, Britannia

S. S. Frere, Britannia (1967;

gesamte klassische Altertumswiss.

3rd edn., extensively revised.

Gomperz

T. Gomperz, Griechische Denker

1987)

(1896); Eng. trans. ('Greek

Friedlander, Rom.

L. Friedlander, Darstellung aus der

Thinkers'), vols. 1-4 (1901-

Life

Sittengeschichte Roms9 10 (1921—

12)

3), rev. G. Wissowa6; Renum

Gorg.

Gorgias

Life and Manners under the

Hei.

Helena

Early Empire, Eng. trans, from

Pal.

Palamedes

7th edn. (1908-13)

Gott. Anz.

Gottingischer gelehrte Anzeigen

Frontin.

Frontinus

Gott. Nachr.

Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der

Aq.

De aquae ductu urbis Romae

Wissenschaften zu Gottingen

Str.

Strategemata

Gow-Page, GP

A. S. F. Gow and D. L. Page, The

Fronto, Ep.

Fronto, Epistulae

Greek Anthology: Garland of

Fdg.

Fulgentius

Philip and some Contemporary

Myth.

Mitologiae tres libri

Epigrams, 2 vols. (1968)

Funaioli, Gramm.

FI. Funaioli, Grammaticae

Gow-Page, HE

A. S. F. Gow and D. L. Page, The

Rom. Frag.

Romanae fragmenta (1907), vol.

Greek Anthology: Hellenistic

1 alone published.

Epigrams, 2 vols. (1965)

FUR

Forma Urbis Romae, ed. G.

Graf Eleusis

F. Graf, Eleusis und die orphische

Corettoni and others

Dichtung: Athens in

(1960)

vorhellenistischer Zeit (1974)

Gramm. Lat.

see Keil

Gramm. Rom. Frag.

see Funaioli; Mazzarino

GirR

Greece and Rome, ns (1954/5- )

GRBS

Greek, Roman and Byzantine

Gabba-Vallet,

E. Gabba and G. Vallet (eds.),

Studies

Sicilia antica

La Sicilia antica, 2 vols. in 5

Green

R. P. FI. Green, The Works of

(1980)

Ausonius (1991)

XXXVlll

Authors and Books

Greenidge, Clay,

A. H. J. Greenidge, A. M. Clay,

Heitsch, Griech.

E. Heitsch (ed.), Die griechischen

Gray, Sources

and E. W. Gray, Sourccs for

Dichterfr.

Dichteifragmente der romischen

Roman History, 133-70 bc

Kaiserzeit 1, Abh. derAkad. der

(1960; 2nd edn., corrected and

Wissenschafien in Gottingen,

supplemented, 1986)

phil.-hist. Kl. 3. Folge, 49 (1961;

Gregory of Tours

Gregory of Tours

21963), 58 (1964)

Hist.

Historiae

Heliod. Aeth.

Heliodorus, Aethiopica

Glor. mart.

Gloria martyrorum

Hell. Oxy.

Hellenica Oxyrhynchia

Grenier, Manuel

A. Grenier, Manuel d’archeologie

Heph.

Hephaestion

gallo-romaine (1931—4); = vol.

Heradid. Pont.

Heraclides Ponticus

of Dechelette’s Manuel

Hercher, Epistolog.

R. Hercher, Epistolographi Graeci

d 'archeologie prehistorique

Graec.

(1873)

Gruen, LGRR

E. S. Gruen, The Last Generation

Hermes

Hermes, Zeitschrift fur klassische

of the Roman Republic (1974)

Philologie

Guthrie, Hist. Gk.

W. K. C. Guthrie, History of Greek

Hermog.

Hermogenes

Phil.

Philosophy (1965-81)

Id.

flcpl ISccuv

GVI

W. Peek, Griechische Vers-

Inv.

flcpl cvpcocws

Inschrifien 1 : Grab-Epigramme

Prog.

fl poyvp.vdap.aTa

(1955)

Herod.

Herodas

Heron, Pneum.

Heron, Pneumatica

Herzog-Schmidt

R. Herzog and P. Schmidt,

Hainsworth, Iliad

B. Hainsworth, The Iliad: A

Handbuch der lateinischen

comm.

Commentary 3: Books 9-1 2

Literaturder Antike (1989- )

(1993)

Hes.

Hesiod

Hainsworth,

A. Heubeck, S. West, and J. B.

Cat.

Catalogus mulierum

Odysse y comm.

Hainsworth, A Commentary on

Op.

Opera et Dies

Homer’s Odyssey I: Introduction

[Sc.]

Scutum

and Books IS (1988)

Thevg.

Theogonia

Halm, Rhet. Lat.

K. Halm, Rhetores Latini Minores

Hesp.

Hesperia: Journal of the American

Min.

(1863)

School of Classical Studies at

HAMA

O. Neugebauer, A History of

Athens

Ancient Mathematical

Hieron.

Hieronymus, seejerome

Astronomy, 3 vols. (1975)

Hignett, Hist. Athen.

C. Hignett, A History of the

Hammond, Epirus

N. G. L. Hammond, Epirus (1967)

Const.

Athenian Constitution (1952)

Hist. G.

History of Greece (2nd edn. 1967;

Himer. Ecl.

Himerius, Eclogae

3rd edn. 1986)

Or.

Orationes

Hansen, Attalids

C. V Hansen, The Attalids of

Hippoc.

Hippocrates

Pergamum (1947)

Acu t.

De diaeta in morbis acutis

Harding

P. Harding, From the End of

Aer.

De aera, aquis, locis

the Peloponnesian War to the

Art.

De articulis

Battleof Ipsus: Translated

[■ Ep. ]

Epistulae

Documents of Greece and Rome

Epid.

Epidemiae

2(1985)

Morb.

flcpl vovocuv (On Diseases)

Harp.

Harpocration

Morb. sacr.

De morbo sacro

Harv. Stud.

Harvard Studies in Classical

Mul.

De mulierum affectibus

Philology

Nat. mul.

De natura muliebri

Harv. Theol. Rev.

Harvard Theological Review

Nat. puer.

flcpl (Jvotos iraiSiov (On the

Hastings, ERE

J. Hastings, Encyclopaedia of

Nature of the Child)

Religion and Ethics, 1 2 vols.

off.

De officina medici

(1908-21); index vol. (1926)

Virg.

De virginibus morbis

HCT

A. W. Gomme, A. Andrewes, and

VM

De vetere medicina

K. J. Dover, A Historical

Hippol.

Hippolytus

Commentary on Thucydides, 5

Haer.

Refutatio omnium haeresium

vols. (1945-81)

Hist.

Historia

Hdn.

Herodianus

Hist. Aug.

Historia Augusta (see SHA)

Hdt.

Herodotus

HLL

see Herzog-Schmidt; see also

Head, Hist. Num.

B. V Head, Historia Numorum,

Schanz-Hosius

2nd edn. (1911)

HM

History of Macedonia 1, ed. N. G. L.

Heath, Hist. of Greek

T. L. Heath, History of Greek

Hammond (1972); 2, ed. N. G. L.

Maths.

Mathematics, 2 vols. (1921)

Hammond and G. T. Griffith

Heckel, Marshals

W. Heckel, The Marshals of

(1979); 3, ed. N. G. L. Hammond

Alexander’s Empire (1992)

and F. W. Walbank(1988)

XXXIX

Authors and Books

Hom.

Homer

IK

Inschrijien griechischer Stddte aus

II.

Iliad

Kleinasien (1972- )

Od.

Odyssey

ILabraunda

J. Crampa (ed.), Labraunda

Hom. Hymn Dem.

Homerie Hymn to Demeter

Swedish Excavations and

Homil. Clement.

d ementine Homilies

Researches 3 (1 and 2); The

Honore 1962

A. M. Honore, Gaius: A Biography

Greek Inscriptions ( 1 969 and

(1962)

1972)

Honore 1981

T. Honore, Emperors and Lawyers

ILAlg.

Inscriptions latines de VAlgerie 1 ,

(1981; 2nd edn. 1994)

ed. S. Gsell (1922); 2, ed. H.-G

Hor.

Horaee

Pflaum (1957)

ArsP.

Ars poetica

II.

Iliad

Carm.

Carmina or Odes

1. 1. de Gaule

Inscriptions latines des trois

Carm. sacc.

Carmen saeculare

Gaules, ed. R Wuilleumier

Epist.

Epistulae

(1963)

Epod.

Epodi

ILLRP

Inscriptiones Latinae Liberae Rei

Sat.

Satirae or Sermones

Republicae, ed. A. Degrassi,

Hornblower.

S. Hornblower, Commentary on

vol. I2 (1965), 2(1963)

Comm. en Thuc.

Thucydides 1; Books 1-3 (1991);

ILN

Illustrated London News

2: Books 4-3.24(1996)

ILS

see Dessau

HR

History ofReligions

IMagn.

O. Kern (ed.), Die Inschrijien

HRRcl.

see under Peter

von Magnesia am Maeander

Hsch.

Hesychius

(1900)

Hyde, Greek

W. Hyde, Annent Greek Mariners

IMU

Italia medioevale e umanistica

Mariners

(1947)

IMylasa

W. Blilmel, Die Inschrijien von

Hyg.

Hyginus

Mylasa (2 vols., 1987-8)

Fab.

Fabulae.

Indo-Germ. Forsch.

Indogermanische Forschungen

Pocl. astr.

Poetica astronomica

Ind. Stoic. Here.

J. Traversa, Index Stoicorum

Hymn. Hom. Ap.

Hymnus Homericus ad Apollinem

Herculanensis (1952)

Bacch.

„ „ „ Bacchum

Inscr. Ital.

Inscriptiones Italiae (1931 /2- )

Cer.

„ „ „ Cererem

Inst. Iust.

/nstitutiones Iustiniani

Mart.

„ „ „ Martem

IPE

Inscriptiones orae septentrionalis

Mere.

Mercurium

Ponti Euxini (1885)

Pan.

„ „ „ Panem

IrAnt

Iranica Antiqua

Ven.

„ .. „ Venerem

Iron Age in S. Britain

S. S. Frere (ed.), Problems ofthe

Hymn. Mag.

Hymni Magici

Iron Age in Southern Britain

Hymn. Orph.

Hymni Orphici

Isae.

Isaeus

Hvp.

Hyperides

ISestos

J. Krauss, Die Inschrijien von Sestos

Lyc.

For Lycophron

und der Thrakischen Chersones (1980)

Iambi.

Iamblichus

Isid.

Isidorus

Mvsl.

De mysteriis

De vir. ill.

De viris illustribus

VP

Vita Pythagorae

Etym.

Etymologiae

IBR

D. and F. R. Ridgway (eds.),

lsoc.

Isocrates

Italy before the Romans

Bus.

Busiris

(1979)

Antid.

Antidosis

Ibvc.

Ibycus

C. soph.

Contra sophistas

/C

M. Guarducci (ed.) Inscriptiones

Panath.

Panathenaicus

Creticae, 4 vols. (1935-50)

Paneg.

Panegyricus

ICS

Illinois Classical Studies

Ist. Mitt.

Istanbuler Mitteilungen

IDclos

F. Diirrbach (ed ), Inscriptions de

It. Alex.

Itinerarium Alexandri

Delos (1923-37)

It. Ant.

Itineraria Antonini Augusti

IDidvma

A. Rehm, Die Inschrijien. Milet 3

IVO

Inschrijien von Olympia, ed. W.

(1914)

Dittenberger and K. Purgold

IE

Indo-European

(1896)

IEJ

Israel Exploration Journal

IG

Inscriptiones Graecae ( 1873- )

JACT

Joint Association of Classical

IGBulg.

G. Mihailov, Inscriptiones

Teachers

Graecae in Bulgaria repertae

Jahrb.

see [Neue]Jahrb.

(1958-70)

Jahrb. f. cl. Phil.

JahrbiicherJur classische Philologie,

IGRom.

Inscriptiones Graecae ad res

Suppi.

Supplementband

Romanas pertinentes

Jahresb.

see Bursian

xl

(1906- )

JCS

Journal of Classical Studies

Authors and Books

JDA1

Jahrbuch des [kaiserlich] deutschen

Justin, Apol.

Justin Martyr, Apologia

archdologischen Instituts

Juv.

Juvenal

(1886- ) (contains

JWI

Journal ofthe Warburg and

Archdologischer Anzeiger )

Courtauld Institute

Jeffery, LSAG

L. Jeffery, Local Scripts of Archaic

Greece, 2nd edn., rev. A.

K

Kard

Johnston (1990)

KA

see Kassel-Austin

JEg. Arci t.

Journal ofEgyptian Archaeology

Kaibel

see CGF and Epigr. Gr.

Jer.

Jerome

Kassel-Austin, PCG

R. Kassel and C. Austin, Poetae

Ab Abr.

Ab Abraham, the chronological

Comiei Graeei, vol. 1 (1983), 2

reckoning from the first

(1991)

year of Abraham followed

Kaster, Guardians

R. A. Kaster, Guardians of

in Jerome 's translation and

Language: The Grammarian

enlargement of Eusebius’

and Society in Late Antiquitv

Chronicle

(1988)

Adv. Iovinian.

Adversus lovinianum

Kearns, Heroes of

E. Kearns, The Heroes of Attica.

Chron.

Chronica = Ab Abr.

Attica

B/CS Suppi. 57 (1989)

De script. eccles.

De scriptoribus ecclesiasticis

Keil, Gramm. Lat.

H. Keil, Grammatici Latini, 8 vols.

proleg.

prolegomena

(1855-1923; repr. 1961 1

De vir. ili.

De viris illustribus

Kem

O. Kern

Ep.

Epistulae

Orph. frag.

Orphica Fragmenta (1922)

JHS

Journal ofHellenic Studies

Rei. d. Griech.

Die Religion der Grieehen, 3 vols.

JJP

Journal of Juristic Papyrology

(1926-38)

JNES

Journal ofNear Eastem Studies

Kirk-Raven-

G. S. Kirk,J. E. Raven, and M.

JOA1

Jahreshefte des osterreichischen

Schofield,

Schofield, The Presocratic

archdologischen Instituts in Wien

Presocratic

Philosophers, 2nd edn. (1983)

JOB

Jahrbuch des osterreichischen

Philosophers

Byzantinistik (1951- )

Klass. phil. Stud.

Klassische philologische Studicn,

Jones, Citiei E. Rom.

A. H. M. Jones, The Cities of the

ed. E. Bickel and C. Jensen

Prov.

Eastem Roman Provinces (1937;

Klio

Klio, Beitrage zur alten Geschichte

2nd edn. 1971)

Klotz, Scaen. Rom.

A. Klotz (ed.), Scaenicorum

Later Rom. Emp.

The Later Roman Empire 284-602

Frag.

Romanorum Fragmenta (1953)

(1964)

Kl. Pauly

Der kleinc Pauly (1964-75)

Jord. Get.

Jordanes, Getica

Kl. Schr.

Kleine Schrifien (of various

Joseph

Josephus

authors)

AI

Antiquitates Judaicae

Korte, Men. Rei.

A. Korte, Menandri Reliquiae

Ap.

Contra Apionem

Kroll, Rhet.

W. Kroll, Rhetorik (1937): written

BJ

Bellum Judaicum

as article for RE. but published

Vit.

Vita

separately

Joum. Bib. Lit.

Journal of Biblical Literature

Kron, Phylenheroen

U. Kron, Die zehn attischcn

Journ. Hist. Bio.

Journal of the History ofBiology

Phylenheroen : MDAI(A) Suppi. 5

Joum. Hist. Med.

Journal of the History of Medicine

(1976)

and Allied Sciences

Kiihn

K. G. Kiihn, Medicorum

Joum. Phil.

Journal ofPhilology (1868-1920);

Graecorum Opera

index (1923)

Kunkel 1967

W. Kunkel, Hcrkunfi und soziale

Joum. Sav.

Journal des savants, ns ( 1 903- )

Stellung der rbmischen Juristen,

JRA

Journal of Roman Archaeology

2nd edn. (1967)

JRGZM

Jahrbuch des romisch-germanischen

Zentralmuseums

Lactant.

Lactantius

JRS

Journal of Roman Studies

De mort. pers.

De mortibus persecutorum

JSGU

Jahrbuch der schweizerischen

Div. i nst.

Divinae institutiones

Gesellschaftjur Ur- und

LACTOR

London Association of Classical

Friihgeschichte

Teachers Original Rccords

JTS

Journal ofTheological Studies

Lambrechts, Senat

R Lambrechts, La Composition du

Julian.

Julianus imperator

Senat romain 117-192 (1936)

Apophth.

Apophthegmata

Latte, RR

K. Latte, Rbmischc

Ep.

Epistulae (ps. -Julian. = Ep.

Religionsgeschichte (1960)

wrongly attributed to

Laur.

Laurentian Library

Julian)

LCM

Liverpool Classical Monthly

Mis.

Misopogon

LdA

W. Helck, E. Otto, and W.

Or.

Orationes

Westendorf (eds.), Lexicon der

Just. Epit.

Justinus, Epitome (of Trogus)

Agyptologie (1975-86)

xli

Authors and Books

LEC

Les Etudes classiques

Luc.

Lucan

Leipz. Stud.

Leipziger Studien zur klassischen

Lucian

Philosophie ( 1 878-95)

Alex.

Alexander

Lenel, Pai

O. Lenel, Palingenesia luris Civilis,

Anach.

Anacharsis

2 vols. (1889)

Cal.

Calumniae non temere credendum

Lex.

Lexicon

Catapl.

Cataplus

Lexikon der

S. Lauffer (ed.), Lexikon der

Demon.

Demonax

historischen

historischen Stdtten von den

De mort. Peregr.

De morte peregrini

Stdtten

Anjdngen bis zur Gegenwart

Dial. D.

Dialogi deorum

(1989)

Dial. meret.

Dialogi meretricii

Lex. Mess.

Lexicon Messanense

Dial. mort.

Dialogi mortuorum

LGPN 1

P. M. Fraser and E. Matthews

Her.

Herodotus

(eds.), A Lexicon of Greek

Hermot.

Hermotimus

Personal Names 1 (1987)

Hist. conscr.

Quomodo historia conscribenda

LGPN 2

M. Osborne and S. Byme (eds.),

sit

A Lexicon of Greek Personal

Ind.

Adversus indoctum

Names 2 (1994)

Iupp. trag.

luppiter tragoedus

LH Citadels

S. Iakovidis, Late Helladic

Luet.

De luctu

Citadels on Mainland Greece

Macr.

Macrobii

(1983)

Nigr.

Nigrinus

Lib.

Libanius

Philops.

Philopseudes

Lib. colon.

Libri coloniarum

Pseudol.

Pseudologista

Liebs 1987

D. Liebs, Die Jurisprudenz im

Salt.

De saltatione

spdtantiken Italien (1987)

Somn.

Somnium

LIMC

Lexicon Iconographicum

Symp.

Symposium

Mythologiae Classicae

Syr. D.

De Syria dea

(1981- )

Trag.

Tragoedopodagra

Lindsay, Gloss. Lat.

W. M. Lindsay, Glossaria Latina

Ver. hist.

Verae historiae, 1 , 2

(1930)

Vit. auct.

Vitarum auctio

Linxi. Temp. Chron.

C. Blinkenberg, Die lindische

Lucii.

Lucilius

Tempelchronik (1915)

Lucr.

Lucretius

Lintott, Violence

A. W. Lintott, Violence in

Lugli, Fontes

G. Lugli, Fontes ad Topographiam

Republican Reme ( 1 968)

Veteris Urbis Romanae

Lippold, Griech.

G. Lippold, Die griechische

Pertinentes, vols. 1-4 (1953-62)

Plastik

Plastik ( Handbuch der

8, 6/2 (1969)

Archdologie, 1950): in part

LXX

Septuagint

superseded by J. Floren,

Lycoph.

Lycophron

Die griechische Plastik 1

Alex.

Alexandra

(1987)

Lycurg.

Lycurgus

Liv. Andron. Od.

Livius Andronicus, Odyssia

Leoc.

Against Leocrates

Livy, Epit.

Livy, Epitomae

Lydus, Mens.

Lydus, De mensibus

Per.

Periochae

Mag.

De magistratibus

Lobeck, Aglaoph.

C. A. Lobeck, Aglaophamus

Lys.

Lysias

(1829)

Loeb

Loeb Classical Library

[Longinus], Subi.

[Longinus], flcpl vipovs

MAAR

Memoirs of the American Academy

LP

E. Lobel and D. L. Page,

in Reme

Poetarum Lesbiorum Fragmenta

Macrob.

Macrobius

(1955)

In Somn.

Commentarius ex Cicerone in

LSAG

Seejeffery, LSAG

Somnium Scipionis

LSAM

F. Sokolowski, Lois sacrees de

Sat.

Saturnalia

VAsie Mineure (1955)

Magie, Rem. Rule

D. Magie, Roman Rule in Asia

LSCG

F. Sokolowski, Lois sacrees des

Asia Min.

Minor

cites grecques (1969)

Malcovati, ORF

FL Malcovati, Oratorum

LSJ

Liddell and Scott, Greek-English

Romanorum Fragmenta (2nd

Lexicon, 9th edn., rev. FI.

edn. 1955; 4thedn. 1967)

Stuartjones (1925-40); Suppi.

MAMA

Monumenta Asiae Minoris

by E. A: Barber and others

Antiquae (1928- )

(1968)

Manitius

M. Manitius, Gesch. der lat. Lit.

LSS

F. Sokolowski, Lois sacrees des

des Mittelalters (191 1-23)

cites grecques: Supplement

Marcellin.

Marcellinus

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Marm. Par.

Marmor Parium (IG 12 (5), 444)

xlii

Authors and Books

Marquardt

J. Marquardt

Men. Rhet.

Privatleben

Privatleben der Rdmer, 2nd edn. besorgt von A. Mau, 2 vols. (1886). These together make up vol. 7 of Handbuch

Mette

der romischen Altertiimer, by

J. Marquardt and T.

Meyer, Forschungen

Mommsen

MGH

Staatsverw.

Romische Staatsverwaltung, 2nd edn. (1881-5)

Marshall, Asconius

B. A. Marshall, A Historical

AA

Comm.

Commentary on Asconius

Ep.

(1985)

MGR

Mart.

Martial

MH

Spect.

Spectacula

Michel

Mart. Cap.

Martianus Capella

Marx

F. Marx, C. Lucilii Carminum

Michell, Econom.

Reliquiae (1904-5)

Anc. Gr.

Mattingly-

H. Mattingly, E. A. Sydenham,

Sydenham, RIC

and others Roman Imperial Coinage (1923-67); rev. edn.

MIFAO

of vol. I only, C.H.V Suther- land and R.A.G. Carson

Migne, PG

(1984)

PL

M. Aur. Med.

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations

Mazard

J. Mazard, Corpus Nummorum Numidiae Mauretaniaeque (1955)

Milet.

Mazzarino, Gramm.

A. Mazzarino, Grammaticae

Rem. Frag.

Romanae Fragmenta Aetatis Caesarianae, 2nd edn.

(1955)

Millar, ERW

MD

Materiali e Discussioni

Min. Fel.

MDAI

Mitteilungen des deutschen

Oct.

archdologischen Instituts (A): Athenische Abteilung

Mir. ause.

(1876- )

(B): Baghdadische Abteilung ( I ): Istanbulische Abteilung

Mitteis, Chr.

MEFRA

(K): Kairoische Abteilung (R): Romische Abteilung (1886- )

ML

Melanges d’archeologie et

d’histoire de VEcole fran^aise de

Reme

MME

Meiggs, AE

R. Meiggs, The Athenian Empire (1972)

Meineke, FCG

A. Meineke, Fragmenta

MMR

Comicorum Graecorum (1839-

Mnemos.

57)

MNIR

Mei. Masp.

Melanges Maspero (1934-7)

Mei. Steph.

Meleager, Stephanus

Momigliano,

Mem. dei Lincei

Memorie: Atti della Academia

Seeondo

Nazionale dei Lincei, Classe

contributo

di scienze morali, storiche e filogiche

Terzo contributo

Men.

Menander

Quarto contributo

Dys.

Dyskolos

Epit.

Epitrepontes

Quinto contributo

Her.

Heros

Pk.

Perikeiromcne

Sesto contributo

Sam.

Samia

Menander Rhetor H. J. Mette, Urkunden

dramatischer Aufjuhrungen in Griechenland, Texte und Kommentare no. 8 (1977) Meyer (ed.), Forschungen zuralten Geschichte (1892-9)

Monumenta Germaniae Historica, 15 vols. (1877-1919; repr.

1961)

Auctores Antiquissimi Epistulae

Miscellanea greca e romana Museum Helveticum C. Michel, Recueil d'inscriptions grecques (1900-27)

H. Michell, The Economics of Ancient Greece, 2nd edn.,

(1957)

Memoires de Vlnstitut fran$ais d’archeologie orientale Migne, Patrologiae Cursus, series Graeca

Patrologiae Cursus, series Latina

T. Wiegand (ed.), Melet: Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen und Untersuchungen seit dem Jahre 1899 (1966- )

F. Millar, The Emperor in the Roman World (1977; 2nd edn. 1992)

Minucius Felix Octavius

De mirabilibus auscultationibus (auctor ignotus)

L. Mitteis and U. Wilcken, Grundziige und Chrestomat hie der Papyruskunde (1912)

R. Meiggs and D. Lewis, A Selection of Greek Historical Inscriptions to the End of the Fifih Century BC, rev. edn. (1988)

W. MacDonald and G. Rapp, The Minnesota Messenia Expedition (1972)

see Broughton, MMR Mnemosyne ( 1852- )

Mededelingen van het Nederlandsch historisch Institut te R orne A. Momigliano, Seeondo

contributo alia storia degli studi classici (1960)

Terzo contributo alia storia degli studi classici ( 1 966)

Quarto contributo alia storia degli studi classici (1969)

Quinto contributo alia storia degli studi classici (1975)

Sesto contributo alia storia degli studi classici (1980)

xliii

Authors and Books

Mommsen

T. Mommsen

Ges. Schr.

Gesammelte Schrifien, 8 vols. (1905-13)

Rem. Forsch.

Rdmische Forschungen, 2 vols. (1 in 2nd edn.) (1864-79)

Rem. Staatsr.

R omisches Staatsrecht, vols. 1 21 (1887), (1888)

Rem. Strafr.

Rdmisches Strafrecht (1899); Stellenregister, ed. J. Malitz (1982)

Mommsen-

Manuel des antiquites romaines

Marquardt,

(1887-1907); a Fr. trans, of

Manuel

Mommsens Rdmisches Staatsrecht

Mon. Anc.

Monumentum Ancyranum

Mon. Ant.

Monumenti Antichi pubblicati per cura della Reale Accademia dei Lincei

Mon. Piet

Monuments Piot

Morel-BUchner,

Fragmenta Poetarum Latinorum

FPL

epicorum et lyricorum praeter Ennium et Lucilium, lst edn., ed. W. Morel (1927); 2nd edn., ed. C. Biichner ( 1 982)

Mosch. Ep. Bion.

Moschus, Epitaphios Bionis

MRR

see Broughton

Miinzer, Rem.

F. MUnzer, Rdmische Adelsparteien

Addsparteien

und Adelsfamilien (1920)

Musa Tragica

B. Gauly, L. Kappel, and others (eds.), Musa Tragica: Die griechische Tragodie von Thespis bis Ezechiel (1991)

Mus. Belge

Musee Belge

Muson.

Musonius Rufus

MW

M. McCrum and A. G.

Woodhead, Select D ocuments of the Principales of the Flavian Emperors (1961)

M-W

R. Merkelbach and M. L. West, Fragmenta Fiesiodea (1967)

Myth. Vat.

Mythographi Vaticani, ed. Bode (1834)

Nachr. Ges. d. Wiss. Gott.

see Gott. Nachr.

Naev. fr. cem.

Naevius, fragmenta comoediarum

Nash, Piet. Dia.

E. Nash, Piaorial Diaionary of

Reme

Ancient Reme (1961-2; 2nd edn. 1989)

Nauck

see TGF

Nauck/ Snell

see TGF

Nemes.

Nemesianus

Cyn.

Cynegetica

Ecl.

Eclogae

Nep.

Nepos

Att.

Atticus

Epam.

Epaminondas

Milt.

Miltiades

Timoth.

Timotheus

(1) [Neue] Jahrbiicherfur

[Neuejjahrb.

Philologie und Pddagogik (1826-97)

’ (2) Neue Jahrbiicherfur d.

klassische Altertum (1898- 1925)

( (3) Neue Jahrbiicherfiir Wissenschaft und Jugetidbildung, (1925-36) ((1), (2), and (3) form a , continuous series) Nicander Alexipharmaca Theriaca

Nicolaus Damascenus C. Nicolet, L'Ordre equestre (1974) M. P. Nilsson, Griechische Feste v. religioser Bedeutung m. Ausschluss d. attischen (1906) Geschiehte der griechischen Religio», vol. I2 (1955), l' (1967), 2‘ (1961)

The Minoan-Mycenaean Religio» and its Survival in Greek Religion, 2nd edn. (1950) Nonius

Nonnus, Dionysiaca E. Norden, Die antike Kunstprosa, vom 6 .Jahrh. v. Chr. bis in d. Zeit d. Renaissance (1898, repr. with supplements 1909; 3rd edn. 1915)

Not. Dign. [occ.] [er.] Notitia dignitatum in partibus occidentis /orientis

Not. Scav. Notizie degli scavi di antichita

(1876- )

Nov. Novellae

Nov. Theod Novellae Theodosianae

NPNF Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers

Num. Chron. Numismatic Chronicle (1861- )

Numen.

Numenius

NZ

Numismatische Zeitschrifi

OCD'

M. Cary and others (eds.), The Oxford Classical Dictionary 1 st edn. (1949)

OCLf

N. G. L. Hammond and H. FI. Scullard (eds.), The Oxford Classical Dictionary 2nd edn. (1970)

OCT

Oxford Classical Texts

Od.

Odyssey

ODB

Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (1991)

ODCC

Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, ed. F. L. Cross and E. Livingstone, 2nd edn. (1974)

OGI

Orientis Graeci Inscriptiones Selectae

Ogilvie, Cemm. Livy

R. M. Ogilvie, Commentary on

1-5

Livy, Books 1-5 (1965)

OJA

Oxford Journal of Archaeology

'Old Oligarch’

see Xen. for Ath. Pol. attributed to Xenophon (see entry old oligarch)

[Neue]Jahrb.

Nic.

Alex.

Ther.

Nic. Dam. Nicolet, OE Nilsson, Feste

GGR

MMR

Non.

Nonnus, Dion. Norden, Ant. Kunstpr.

xliv

Authors and Books

Oliver

J. Oliver, Greek Constitutions ofEarly Roman Emperors (1989)

Olivieri, FCGM

A. Olivieri, Frammenti della commedia greca e dei mimo nella Sicilia e nella Magna Grecia, 2nd edn. (1946-7)

OMS

see Robert, OMS

Op. Arch.

Opuscula Archaeologica (1935-52)

Op. Ati t.

Opuscula Atheniensia (1953- )

Or.

Oratio

ORF and ORF4

see Malcolvati, ORF

Origen, C. Ceis.

Origen, Contra Celsum

Oros.

Orosius

Orph.

Orphica

frs.

see Kem

Liti i.

Lithica

Osrwald, Popular

M. Osrwald, From Popular

Sovereignty

Sovereignty to the Sovereignty of Law’ (1986)

Ov.

Ovid

Am.

Amores

Ars am.

Ars amatoria

Fast.

Fasti

Hal.

Halieuticon liber

Fler.

Heroides

Ib.

Ibis

Medie.

Medicamina faciei

Met.

Metamorphoses

Pont.

Epistulae ex Ponto

Rem. am.

Remedia amoris

Tr.

Tristia

Overbeck

J. Overbeck, Die antiken

Schriftquellen zur Geschichte d. bildenden Kiinste bei den

Griechen (1868)

PerP

Post and Present

n

rrcpt

PA

J. Kirchner, Prosopographia Attica (1901-3)

PACA

Proceedings of the African Classical Associations

nAE

fJpaKTtKa Trjs cv AOrjvais ApxaioAoyiKris Eratpeias

Page, FGE

D. L. Page, Further Greek

Epigrams ( 1981)

GLP

Greek Litcrary Papyri (Loeb, 1942)

PMG

Poetae Melici Graeci ( 1 962)

SLG

Supplementum lyricis graecis (1974)

PAmh.

Amherst Papyri (1900-1)

Pan. Lat.

XII Panegyrici Latini

PAntin

The Antinoe Papyrus of

Theocritus

P Antinoop.

Antinoopolis Papyri ( 1 950-67)

Parker, ARH

R. Parker, Athenian Religion: A History (1996)

Miasma

Miasma: Pollution and

Purification in Early Greek Religion (1983)

Parker, Roman

H. M. D. Parker, The Roman

Legions

Legions, 2nd edn. (1958)

Parod. Epie. Gr. Rei.

Parodorum Epicorum Graecorum reliquiae, vol. 1 of Corpusculum Poesis Epicae Graecae Ludibundae, P. Brandt and C. Wachsmuth (1888)

Paroemiogr.

Corpus Paroemiographorum Graecorum, ed. E. L. Leutsch and P. G. Schneidewin ( 1 839)

Parth.

Parthenius

Amat. narr.

Narrationum amatoriarum libellus (* EpajriKa. nad-qpLara)

Paul. Fest.

see Festus, Gloss. Lat.

Paulus, Sent.

Iulius Paulus, Sententiae

Paus.

Pausanias

PB

P. Poralla and A. S. Bradford, A Prosopography of Lacedaemonians from the

Earliest Times to the Death of Alexander the Great, 2nd edn. (1985; Ger. orig. 1913)

PBA

Proceedings of the British Academy

P Berol.

Berlin Papyri

PBrem.

Die Bremer Papyri, ed. U. Wilcken (1936; repr. 1970)

PBrux.

Papyri bruxellenses graeci 1 :

Papyrus du nome Prosopite, Nos. 1-21, by G. Nachtergael (1984); 2: No. 22, by M. Huys (1991). For PBrux. 7616 see C. Preaux and M. Hombert, Recherches sur le recensement dans VEgypte romaine, Papyro- logica Lugduno- Batava 5 (1952)

PBSR

Papers of the British School at Rome

P. Cairo Zeno

C. C. Edgar, Zenon Papyri, 4 vols. (1925-31)

PCG

see Kassel-Austin

PCharite

Das Aurelia Charite Archiv, ed. K. Worp (1980)

PCIA

Popoli e civiltd dell 'Italia antica 4 vols. (1974-89)

PColon.

Kolner Papyri (1976- )

PCPS

Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society

PDiog.

Les Archives de Marcus Lucretius Diogenes et textes apparentes, ed. P. Schubert (1990)

PDura

The Excavations at Dura-Europos conducted by Yale University and the French Academy of Inscriptions and Letters Final Report 5 pt. T. The Parchments and Papyri, ed. C. B. Welles and others (1959)

Pearson, Lost

L. Pearson, The Lost Histories of

Histories of Alexander

Alexander the Great (1960)

PECS

R. Stillwell and others, Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites (1976)

PElph.

Elephantine Papyri (1907)

xlv

Authors and Books

Peripl. M. Rubr.

Periplus Maris Rubri

Phld.

Philodemus

Pers.

Persius

Phlegon, Mir.

Phlegon, Miracula

Peter, HR Rei.

H. Peter, Historicorum

PHolm.

Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis, ed. O.

Romanorum Reliquiae, vol. I2

Lagercrantz (1913)

(1914), 2(1906)

Phot.

Photius

Petron.

Petronius

Bibi.

Bibliotheca

Sat.

Satyrica

Pland.

Papyri landanae (1912-38)

Pf.

R. Pfeiffer

Pickard-Cambridge-

A. W. Pickard-Cambridge,

PF

Persepolis Fortification Texts:

Webster,

Dithyramb, Tragedy and

R. T. Hallock, Persepolis

Dithyramb 2

Comedy 2nd edn. rev. T. B. L.

Fortification Tablets { 1 969}

Webster (1962)

PFlor

Papiri greco-egizii, papirifiorentini,

Pind.

Pindar (ed. B. Snell and H.

ed. D. Comparetti and G.

Maehler, 1987-8)

Vitelli (1906-15; repr. 1962)

Isthm.

Isthmian Odes

P Fouad

P. Jouguet and others, Les Papyrus

Nem.

Nemean

Fouad 1(1939)

01.

Olympian „

PFT

see PF

Pyth.

Pythian

Pfuhl

E. Pfuhl, Malerei u. Zeichnungd.

Pae.

Paeanes

Griechen, 3 vols. (1923)

PIR

Prosopographia Imperii Romani

PG

see Migne

Saeculi I, II, III, lst edn. by

PGen.

Les Papyrus de Geneve ( 1 896-1990)

E. Klebs and H. Dessau

P GhSran

P. Jouguet, BCH 1906, 103 ff.

(1897-8); 2nd edn. by E.

P Giess.

Griechische Papyri i m

Groag, A. Stein, and others

Museum des oberhessischen

(1933- )

Geschichtsvereins zu Giessen

P-K, GL

A. Philippson and E. Kirsten, Die

(1910-12)

griechischen Landschaften 1 -4

PGM

K. Preisendanz and others (eds.),

(1950-9)

Papyri Graecae Magicae: Die

PL

see Migne

griechischen Zauberpapyn, 2

Pl.

Plato

vols., 2nd edn. (1973—4)

Alc.

Alcibiades

PHal.

Dikaiomata, ed. by the Graeca

Ap.

Apologia

Halensis (1913)

[Ax.l

Axiochus

Ph. Bel.

Philon, Belopoeica

Chrm.

Charmides

PHeid.

Veroffentlichungen aus der

Cra.

Cratylus

Heidelberger Papyrussammlung

Cri.

Crito

(1956-90)

Criti.

Critias

PHerc.

Papyri Herculanenses; see

Epin.

Epinomis

Catalogo dei papyri ercolanesi

Euthphr.

Euthyphro

(1979) and M. Capasso,

Grg

Gorgias

Manuale di papirologia

[Hipparch.]

Hipparchus

ercolanese (1991)

Hp. mai.

Hippias maior

Pherec.

Pherecydes

Hp. mi.

Hippias Miner

PHerm. Landl.

Zwei Landlisten aus dem

La. or Lach.

Laches

Hermupolites, ed. P. Sijpesteijn

Ltg-

Leges

and K. Worp (1978)

Menex.

Menexenus

PHib.

Hibeh Papyri (1906-55)

Phd.

Phaedo

Philo

Philo Judaeus

Phdr.

Phaedrus

CW

Edition of Philo Judaeus by L.

Phlb.

Philebus

Cohn and P. Wendland

Plt.

Politicus

(1896-1916)

Prm.

Parmenides

In Flacc.

In Flaccum

Prt.

Protagoras

Leg.

Legatio ad Gaium

Resp.

Respublica

Philoch.

Philochorus

Symp.

Symposium

Philol.

Philologus

Soph.

Sophista

Philol. Suppi.

Philologus, Supplement

Tht.

Theaetetus

Philostr.

Philostratus

Ti.

Timaeus

Her.

Heroicus

Platner-Ashby

S. B. Platner and T. Ashby, A

Imag.

Imagines

Topographical Dictionary of

VA

Vita Apollonii

Ancient Reme (1929)

VS

Vitae sophistarum

Plato Com.

Plato Comicus

Phil. Unters.

Philologische Untersuchungen

Platon.

Platonius

Phil. Wochenschr.

Philologische Wochenschrift

Dtff com.

De differentia comoediarum

xlvi

Authors and Books

Plaut.

Plautus

De fac.

De facie in orbe lunae

Amph.

Amphitruo

De fort. Rem.

De fortuna Romanorum

Asin.

Asinaria

Defrat. amor.

De fraterno amore

Bacch.

Baeehides

Degarr.

De garrulitate

Capt.

Captivi

Degen.

De genio Socratis

Cas.

Casina

Deglor. Ath.

De gloria Atheniensium

Cist.

Cistellaria

De Is. et Os.

De Iside et Osiride

Cure.

Curculio

De lat. viv.

De latenter vivendo

Men.

Menaechmi

De mul. vir.

De mulierum virtutibus

Mere.

Mercator

[De mus]

De musica

Mil.

Miles gloriosus

De prof virt.

De profectu in virtute

Mostell.

Mostellaria

De Pyth, or.

De Pythiae oraculis

Poen.

Poenulus

De sera

De sera numinis vindicta

Pseud.

Pseudolus

De soli. an.

De sollertia animalium

Rud.

Rudens

De superst.

De superstitione

Stieh.

Stichus

De tranq. anim.

De tranquillitate animi

Trin.

Trinummus

Prae. ger. reip.

Praecepta gerendae reipublicae

PLeid.

Papyri Graeci Musei Antiquarii

Quaest. conv.

Quaestiones convivales

Lugduni-Batavi, ed. C.

Quaest. Graec.

„ Graecae

Leemans (1843-85)

Quaest. Piat.

„ Platonicae

PLG

T. Bergk, Poetae Lyrici Graeci

Quaest. Rem.

„ Romanae

(1882; repr. 1914-15)

Quomodo adul.

Quomodo adulescens poetas

PLille

Papyrus grecs (Institut

audire debeat

papyrologique de 1'Universite

Vi t.

Vitae Parallelae

de Lille, 1907-12)

Aem.

Aemilius Paulus

Plin.

Pliny (the Elder)

Ages.

Agesilaus

HN

Naturalis historia

Alc.

Alcibiades

Plin.

Pliny (the Younger)

Alex.

Alexander

Ep.

Epistulae

Ant.

Antonius

Pan.

Panegyricus

Arat.

Aratus

Tra.

Epistulae ad Traianum

Arist.

Aristides

P Lips.

Griechische Urkunden der

Artax.

Artaxerxes

Papyrussammlung zu Leipzig,

Brut.

Brutus

ed. L. Mitteis (1906)

Caes.

Caesar

PLM

Poetae Latini Minores ed. Vollmer,

Cam.

Camillus

Vollmer/ Morel

1 (1909) emendavit Morel1

Cat. Mai., Min.

Cato Maior, Minor

(1935)

C. Gracch.

Gaius Gracchus

PLond. Lit.

Catalogue of the Literary Papyri in

Cic.

Cicero

the British Museum, ed. H.

Cim.

Cimon

Milne (1927)

Cleom.

Cleomenes

PLondon

Greek Papyri in the British Museum

Crass.

Crassus

(1893- )

Dem.

Demosthenes

Plotinus, Enn.

Plotinus, Enneades

Demetr.

Demetrius

PLRE

Prosopography of the Later Renum

Eum.

Eumenes

Empire I, ed. A. H. M. Jones

Fiam.

Flamininus

and others (1970); 2 and 3, ed.

Galb.

Galba

J. R. Martindale (1980-92)

Lue.

Lucullus

PLund.

Papyri Lundenses (1934/ 5-1946/7)

Lyc.

Lycurgus

Plut.

Plutarch

Lys.

Lysander

Mor.

Moralia

Mar.

Marius

Adv. Coi.

Adversus Coloten

Mare.

Marcellus

Amat.

Amatorius

Nic.

Nicias

Am. nare

Amatoriae narrationes

Num.

Numa

An seni

An seni respublica gerenda sit

Pel.

Pelopidas

Comm. not.

De communibus notitiis

Per.

Pericles

adversus Stoicos

Phil.

Philopoemen

Comp. Ar. et Men.

Comparatio Aristophanis et

Phoc.

Phocion

Menandri

Pomp.

Pompeius

Conv. sept. sap.

Convivium septem sapientium

Pyrrh.

Pyrrhus

De Alex. fort.

De fortuna Alexandri

Rem.

Romulus

De def. or.

De defectu oraculorum

Sert.

Sertorius

De exii.

De exilio

Sol.

Solon

xlvii

Authors and Books

Sull.

Sulla

Proc. Prehist. Soc.

Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society

Them.

Themistocles

Progr.

Programm

Thes.

Theseus

Prop.

Propertius

Ti. Gracch.

Tiberius Gracchus

Prudent

Prudentius

Tim.

Timoleon

Cath.

Cathemerina

[Plut.] Cons. ad

[Plutarch], Consolatio ad

C. Symm.

Contra Symmachum

Apoll.

Apollonium

Perist.

Peristephanon

Vit. Hom.

Vita Homeri

PRyl.

Catalogue of the Greek Papyri in the

X orat.

Vitae decem oratorum

John Rylands Library at

PMG

see Page, PMG

Manchester (191 1-52)

PMGF

See Davies, PMGF

PSAS

Proceedings of the Society of

PMich.

Michigan Papyri (1931- )

Antiquaries, Scotland

PMilan.

Papiri Milanesi (1928-67)

PSI

Papiri Greci e Latini, Pubblicazioni

PMonac.

Byzantinische Papyri in der

della Societa italiana per la

Papyrussammlung der K. Hof

ricerca dei papiri greci e latini in

und Staatsbibliothek zu

Egitto (1912- )

Miinchen, 2nd edn. D.

PSorbonn.

Papyrus de la Sorbonne 1 , nos. I -

Hagedorn (1986)

68, ed. H. Cadell (1966)

PO

Patrologia Orientalis (1904- )

PStras.

Griechische Papyrus der

Poet. Rom. Vet.

see Diehl

Kaiserlichen Universitats- und

Poli.

Pollux

Landesbibliothek zu Strassburg

Onom.

Onomasticon

(1912- )

Polyaenus, Strat.

Polyaenus, Strategemata

PTeb.

Tebtunis Papyri ( 1 902-76)

Polyb.

Polybius

Ptol.

Ptolemaeus mathematicus

Pompon.

Pomponius

Alm.

Almagest

Porph

Porphyry

Geog.

Geographia

Abst.

De abstinentia

Harm.

Harmonica

Deantr. nymph.

De antro nympharum

Tetr.

Tetrabiblos

Plot.

Vita plotini

P Vst. II

II Papiro Vaticano Greco II. ed.

POsl.

Papyri Osloenses (1925-36)

M. Norsa and G. Vitelli

Pow.

see Powell, Coli. Alex.

(1931)

Powell and Barber,

J. U. Powell and E. A. Barber, New

PVindob.

Papyrus Vindobonettsis

New Chapters

Chapters in the History of Greek

PVS

Proceedings of the Vergi 1 Society

Literature (1921); Second

PYale

J. F. Oates, A. E. Samuel, C. B.

Series (1929); Third Series, J.

Welles (eds.), Yale Papyri in the

U. Powell alone (1933)

Beinecke Rare Book and

Powell, Coli. Alex.

J. U. Powell, Collectanea

Manuscript Library (1967)

Alexandrina (1925)

POxy.

Oxyrhynchus Papyri (1898- )

Quad. /st. Top. Roma

Quademi dellTstituto di Topografia

PP

La parola dei passato ( 1 946- )

antica della Universitd de Roma

PPF

H. Diels, Poetarum Philosophorum

QAL

Quademi di archeologia della Libia

Graecorum Fragmenta (1901)

Quint.

Quintilian

praef.

praefatio

Ep. ad Tryph.

Epistula ad Tryphonem

Pratin. Lyr.

Pratinas, Fragmenta lyrica

(introductory to the

Preisendanz

see PGM

following)

Preller-Robert

L. Preller, Griechische Mythologie,

Inst.

Institutio oratoria

4th edn., rev. C. Robert (1894)

Quint. Smyrn.

Quintus Smyrnaeus

Prisc. Inst.

Priscian, Institutio de arte

grammatica

RAC

Reallexikonfiir Antike und

Pritchett, GSW

W. K. Pritchett, The Greek State at

Christentum, Stuttgart

War 5 vols. (1971-91)

(1941- )

Proc. Brit. Acad.

Proceedings of the British Academy

Radke, Gotter

G. Radke, Die Gotter Altitaliens

(1903- )

(1960; 2nd edn. 1979)

Proci.

Proci us

Entwicklung

Zur Entwicklung der

Hypotyp.

Hypotyposis

Gottesvorstellung und der

In R.

In Platonis Rempublicam

Gottesverehrung in Rom (1987)

commentarii

Radt

see TrGF

In Ti.

In Platonis Timaeum commentarii

Rav. Cosm.

Cosmographia Anonym i

Procop.

Procopius

Ravennatis

Aed.

De aedificiis

RC

C. B. Welles, Royal

Goth.

De bello Gothico

Correspondence in the

Vand.

De bello Vandalico

Hellenistic Period (1934)

xlviii

Authors and Books

RCHM

Royal Commission on Historic

Riv. d. Arci t. Crist.

Rivista di archeologia cristiana

Monuments

Riv. Fil.

Rivista difilologia

RD

see RHDFE

Riv. ital. per le sc. giur.

Rivista italiana per le scienze

RDAC

Report of the Department of

giuridiche

Antiquities of Cyprus

R K

see Wissowa

RDGE

R. E. Sherk, Roman Documents

RLAC

see RAC

from the Greek East (1969)

RLO

Der romische Limes in Osterreich

RE

A. Pauly, G. Wissowa, and W. Kroll,

(1900- )

Real-Encyclopddie d. klassischen

RN

Revue numismatique

Altertumswissenschaft (1893- )

Robert, OMS

L. Robert, Opera Minora Selecta,

Reallexikon der Assy-

Reallexikon der Assyriologie

7 vols. (1969-90)

riologie

(1932- )

Robin

L. Robin, La Pensee grecque et

Rend. 1 st. Lomb.

R endiconti d. R. Istituto Lombardo

Vorigine de 1’esprit scientifique,

di scienze e lettere

2nd edn. (1932); Eng. trans.

Rend. Line.

Rendiconti della reale accademia dei

Greek Thought

Lincei, 6th ser. (1892-1924); 7th

Rohde, Psyche

E. Rohde, Psyche, trans. W. Hillis

ser. (1925- )

(1925)

Rend. Pont.

Rendiconti della pontificia accade¬

Griech. Roman

Der griechische Roman u. s.

mia romana di archeologia

Vorlaufer, 3rd edn. (1914)

Rer. nat. scr. Graec.

O. Keller, Rerum naturalium scrip¬

rom.

romisch

min.

tores Graeci minores (1877)

Rdm. Forsch.

see Mommsen

Rev. Ardi.

Revue archeologique

Rom. Gesch.

see Beloch

Rev. Bibi.

Revue biblique

Rom. Mitt.

see MDAl(R)

Rev. Et. Ane.

Revue des e tudes anciennes

Roscher, Lex.

W. H. Roscher, Ausfiihrliches

Rev. Et. Grec.

Revue des etudes grecques

Lexikon d. griechischen u.

Rev. Et. Lat.

Revue des etudes latines

romischen Mythologie

Rev. Hist.

Revue historique

(1884- )

Rev. Hist. Rei.

Revue de l 'histoire des religions

Rose, Handb. Gk.

H. J. Rose, Handbook of Greek

Rev. Phil.

Revue de philologie ns (1877- )

Myth.

Mythology 6th edn. (1958)

RG

see Mon. Anc.

Rostovtzeff

M. Rostovtzeff

RGW

Religionsgeschichtliche Versu-

Hellenistic World

The Social and Economic History of

che und Vorarbeiten, ed. A.

the Hellenistic World, 3 vols..

Dieterich, R. Wiinsch, L.

2nd edn. (1953)

Malten, O. Weinreich, L.

Roman Empire1

The Social and Economic History

Deubner(1903- )

of the Roman Empire, 2nd

RHDFE

Revue historique de droit fi-anfais et

edn. (1957)

etranger

RPAA

see Rend. Pont.

Rhet.

see Spengel

RRC

M. H. Crawford, Roman

Rhet. Her.

Rhetorica ad Herennium

Republican Coinage (1974)

Rhet. Lat. Min.

see Halm

RSA

Rivista storica delVantichita

Rh. Mus.

Rheinisches Museum fur Philologie

Ruggiero, Diz.

E. de Ruggiero, Dizionario

(1827- ), ns(1842- )

Epigr.

epigrafico di antichita romana

Rhodes, CAAP

R J. Rhodes, A Commentary on the

(1886- )

Aristotelian Athenaion Politeia

Rumpf., Malerei u.

A. Rumpf, Malerei und Zeichnung

(1981; new edn. 1993)

Zeichn.

(1953)

Thuc. 2 comm.

(ed.), Thucydides: Historyll (1988)

Rut. Namat.

Rutilius Namatianus, De reditu

RIB

see Collingwood-Wright

RW

Religionsgeschichtliche Versuche

Ribbeck, CRF

O. Ribbeck, Comicorum

und Vorarbeiten

Romanorum Fragmenta

TRF

Tragicorum Romanorum

Fragmenta [both in

Sachs-Hunger

A. Sachs and H. Hunger,

Scaenicae Romanorum

Astronomical Diaries and

Poesis Fragmenta3 , 1897-8 f

Related Texts from Babylonia 2

(1962)

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RIC

see Mattingly-Sydenham, RIC

Sali.

Sallust

Riccobono, FIRA

S. Riccobono, Fontes luris Romani

[Ad Caes. sen.]

Epistulae ad Caesarem senem

Antelustiniani (1941)

Cat.

Bellum Catilinae or De Catilinae

Richardson, Topog.

L. Richardson, A New

coniuratione

Dict. Ancient

Topographical Dictionary of

Hist.

Historiae

Rome

Ancient Rome (1992)

Iug.

Bellum Iugurthinum

R IDA

Revue Internationale des Droits de

Satyr.

Satyrus Historicus

1’Antiquite

Vit. Eur.

Vita Euripidis

xlix

Authors and Books

SB

F. Preisigke and others, Sammel- buch gnechischen Urkunden aus Agypten (1915- )

SC

Sources chretiennes

SC

Senatus consultum

SCE

Swedish Cyprus Expedition ( 1 934- 72)

SCI

Scripta Classica Israelica

Schanz-Hosius

M. Schanz, Geschichte d. romischen Literatur, rev. I* (1927) and l' (1935) by C. Hosius; 3J (1922), Hosius and Kriiger; 4/ 1: (1914) and 4/2 (1920), Schanz, Hosius, and Kriiger; retitled Handbuch der lateinischen Literatur der Antike (rom 1989 (see HLL)

Schmid-StShlin

W. Schmid and O. Stahlin, Geschichte d. griechischen Literatur. vol. 1 / 1 (1929), 1 /2 (1934), 1 /3 (1940), 1 /4 (1946), 1/5 (1948). See also Christ- Schmid-Stahlin

Schmitt, SdA

H. H. Schmitt (ed.), Die

Staatsvertrage des Altertums 3: Die Vertrage der griechisch- romischen Welt von 338 bis 200 v. Chr. (1969)

schol.

scholiast or scholia

Schol. Bem.

Scholia Bernensia ad Vergilii bucolica et georgica, ed. Hagen (1867)

Schol. Bob.

Scholia Bobiensia

Schol. Cruq.

Scholia Cruquiana

Schol. D an.

see Serv. Dan.

Schol. Flor. Cattim.

Scholia Florentina in Callimachum

Schroeder, Nov.

O. Schroeder, Novae Comoediae

Com. Fragm.

fragmenta in papyris reperta exceptis Menandreis (1915)

Schiirer, History

F. Schiirer, History of the Jewish People in the Age ofjesus Christ, rev. and ed. G. Vermes, F. Millar, and M. Goodman (1973-87)

Scol. Anon.

Scolia Anonyma in Diehls Anti t. Lyr. Graec. 2, pp. 181-92

Scol. Att.

Scolia Attica in Diehls Anth. Lyr Graec. 2, pp. 181-9

Scullard, Rom. Pol.

H. H. Scullard, Roman Politics 220-1 S0 bc (1 95 1 ; 2nd edn. 1973)

Etr. Cities

The Etruscan Cities and Rome (1967)

Sc.J. Theol.

see Stud. Theol.

Scymn.

Scymnus

SdA

Die Staatsvertrage des Altertums 2l\ Die Vertrage der griechisch- rdmischen Welt von 700 bis 338 v. Chr., ed. H. Bengtson (1975);

3: Die Vertrage der griechisch- rdmischen Welt von 338 bis 200 v. Chr.,ed. H.H. Schmidt (1969)

SEG

Supplementum epigraphicum Graecum ( 1923- )

Semon.

Semonides

Sen.

Seneca (the Elder)

Con. ex.

Controversiarum excerpta

Controv.

Controversiae

Suas.

Suasoriae

Sen.

Seneca (the Younger)

Apocol.

Apocolocyntosis

Ben.

De beneficiis

Clem.

De clementia

Constant.

De constantia sapientis

Dial.

Dialogi

Ep.

Epistulae

Epigr.

Epigrammata super exilio

Helv.

Ad Helviam

Med.

Medea

Prov.

De providentia

Q Nat.

Quaestiones naturales

Tranq.

De tranquillitate animi

Serv.

Servius

Praef.

Praefatio

Serv. Dan.

Scholia Danielis (Pierre

Daniel, first publisher in 1600 of supplements to Servius' commentary on Virgil)

Sext. Emp.

Sextus Empiricus

Math.

Adversus mathematicos

Pyr.

flvppdjvcioi {moTvnwocis

SHA

Scriptores Historiae Augustae

Ael.

Aelius

Alex. Sev.

Alexander Severus

Ant. Pius

Antoninus Pius

Aurei.

Aurelian

Avid. Cass.

Avidius Cassius

Clod.

Clodius

Comm.

Commodus

Did. Iui.

Didius lulianus

Hadr.

Hadrian

Heliogab.

Heliogabalus

M. Ant.

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus ( Caracalla )

Mare.

Marcus

Max.

Maximinus

Pert.

Pertinax

Pesc. Nig.

Pescennius Niger

Prob.

Probus

Sev.

Severus

Tyr. Trig.

Tyranni Triginta

Venis

Lucius Verus

Shackleton Bailey,

D. R. Shackleton Bailey,

Anth. Lat.

Anthologia Latina 1: Carmina in codicibus scripta (1982)

CLA

D. R. Shackleton Bailey (ed.), Cicero's Letters to Atticus, 7 vols. (1965-70)

Sherk, Augustus

R. E. Sherk, Rome and the Greek East to the Death of Augustus, Translated Documents of Greece and Rome 4 (1984)

]

Authors and Books

Sherk, Hadrian

The Roman Empire: Augustus to

Stadiasmus =

Stadiasmus Maris Magni (in GGM

Hadrian, Translated

Periplus

1. 427)

Documents of Greece and

Stat.

Statius

Rome 6 (1988)

Achil.

Achilleis

Sid. Apoll.

Sidonius Apollinaris

Silv.

Silvae

Carm.

Carmina

Theb.

Thebais

Epist.

Epistulae

Steinby, Lexicon

E. M. Steinby (ed.), Lexicon

SIFC

see Stud. Ital.

Topographicum Urbis Romae 1

S1G

seeSyll’

(A-C) (1993)

Sil.

Silius Italicus

Steph. Byz.

Stephanus Byzantius or Byzantinus

Pun.

Punica

Stlr

Studia Iranica

Simon.

Simonides

Stith Thompson

Stith Thompson, Motif Index of

Simpl.

Simplicius

Folk-Literature, 6 vols. in

in Cael.

in Aristotelis de Caelo

Indiana University Studies,

Commentarii

96-7, 100-1, 105-6, 108, 110-

in Phys.

in Aristotelis de Physica

12; also published as FF

Commentarii

Communication 106-9, 116-

Sitz. followed by

Sitzungsberichte

17(1932-6)

name of

Stob.

Stobaeus

Academy or

Ecl.

* EuAoyat

Society

Flor.

’ AvdoAoytov

Sitz. Wien

Sitzungsberichte der Akad. der

StPhoen

Collection Studia Phoenicia

Wissenschaften in Wien

Strack,

P. L. Strack, Untersuchungen zur

SLG

See Page

Reichsprdgung

rdmischen Reichsprdgung des

Smallwood, D ocs.

E. M. Smallwood, Documents

zweiten Jahrhunderts (1931)

. . . Nerva

illustrating the Principates of

Stud. D oc. Hist. lur.

Studia et Documenta Historiae et

Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian

luris

(1966)

Stud. Etr.

Studi Etrusci ti

Docs. . . . Gaius

Documents illustrating the

Stud. Gesch. Kult.

Studien zur Geschichte und Kultur

Principates of Gaius, Claudius

Alt.

des Altertums

and Nero ( 1 967)

Stud. Ital.

Studi italiani difilologia classica

SMSR

Studi e materiali di storia delle

Stud. Theol.

Studia Theologica

religioni

Studi stor.

Studi storici per Vantichitd classica

Snell-Maehler

see Bacchyl. and Pind.

Suda

Greek Lexicon formerly known

Snell / Mannicht / Radt

see TrGF

as Suidas

SNG

Sylloge Numorum [sic] Graecorum

Suet.

Suetonius

SOAW

Sitzungsberichte. Osterreichische

Aug.

Divus Augustus

Akademie der Wissenschajten in

Calig.

Gaius Caligula

Wien, phil. -hist. Kl. (1848- )

Claud.

Divus Claudius

Socrates, Hist. eccl.

Socrates, Historia ecclesiastica

Dom.

Domitianus

Solin.

Solinus

Galb.

Galba

Soph.

Sophocles

Gram.

De grammaticis

Aj.

Ajax

lui.

Divus lulius

Ant.

Antigone

Ner.

Nero

EI.

Electra

Poet.

De Poetis

OC

Oedipus Coloneus

Rei. Reiff.

Reliquiae, ed. Reifferscheid

OT

Oedipus Tyrannus

Rhet.

De rhetoribus

Phil.

Philoctetes

Tib.

Tiberius

Trach.

Trachiniae

Tit.

Divus Titus

Sor. Gyn.

Soranus, Gy naeceia

Vesp.

Divus Vespasianus

Sozom.

Sozomen

Vit.

Vitellius

Hist. eccl.

Historia ecclesiastica

Vita Hor.

Vita Horatii

SPCK

Society for Promoting Christian

Vita Luc.

Vita Lucani

Knowledge

Sumner, Orators

G. V Sumner, The Orators in

Spengel-Hammer

C. Hammer, Rhetores graeci ex

Cicero 's Brutus (1973)

recognitione Leonardi SpengeI

Supp. Aesch.

H. J. Mette, Supplementum

(1894): 2nd edn. of vol. 1/2 of

Aeschyleum (1939)

SpengeI, Rhet.

Supp. Com.

see Demiahczuk

SpengeI,