Travels and Works

of

Captain John Smith

Travels and Works

of

Captain John Smith

President of Virginia, and Admiral of New England

i 5 8 o- i 6 3 i

Edited by

EDWARD ARBER, F.S.A.

A Ne<w Edition, with a Biographical and Critical Introduction, by

A. G. BRADLEY

PART II.

EDINBURGH: JOHN GRANT \o/

31 GEORGE IV. BRIDGE C\ / %

1910

3«3

The Generall Historic of Virginia, New England, &> the Summer Isles.

The Third Book.

1624.

A reprint, with variations, of the Second Part of The Map of Virginia, 1612.

3«4

[In addition to the sayings and doings of the six Gentlemen and one Soldier specified on^. 86 ; there are to be found in this revised text, the testimonies of the following eight Gentlemen :

Gentlemen.

Original Planters, 1607.

President John Smith, pp. 93, 389, 403, 442. The Hon. George Percy, pp. 93, 389, 488. Robert Fenton, pp. 389, 403. Edward Harrington, pp. 390, 403. William Tankard,/^. 94, 390, 480.

First Supply, 1608.

Jeffrey Abbot, pp. 108, 465, 508. Anthony Bagnall, Surgeon,^. 421, 433. Thomas Mumford, pp. 109, 420.

The contributions of these eight Gentlemen are fully sufficient to account for the additional facts to be found in Lib. 3.]

The Third Booke.

THE PROCEEDINGS

AND ACCIDENTS OF

The English Colony in Virginia, Extracted from the Authors fol- lowing, by William Simons, Doctour of Divinitie.

CHAPTER I.

T might well be thought, a Countrie so [1606] faire (as Virginia is) and a people so shTAomas tractable, would long ere this haue TreLurer. beene quietly possessed, to the satis- ^ 8g] faction of the adventurers, and the eternizing of the memory of those that effected it. But because all the world 'Sr^^o'^/il^W doe see a defailement [in 1612] ; this following Treatise shall giue satisfaction to all indifferent Readers, how the businesse hath bin carried : where no doubt they will easily vnderstand and answer to their question, how it came to passe there was no better speed and successe in those proceedings.

Captaine Bartholomew Gosnoll, one of the first movers The first of this plantation, having many yeares solicited many of Sn\0 his friends, but found small assistants ; at last prevailed with some Gentlemen, as Captaine Iohn Smith, Master Edward-maria Wingfield, Master Robert Hunt, and divers others, who depended a yeare vpon his proiects, but [A0O.1

25

386 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [TSt'

R. Fenton, J. Smith.

Orden for government

[1606-7] nothing could be effected, till by their great charge and industrie, it came to be apprehended by certaine of the Nobilitie, Gentry, and Marchants, so that his Maiestie by his letters patents [10 April 1606], gaue commission for establishing Councels, to direct here ; and to governe, and to execute there. To effect this, was spent another yeare, and by that, three ships were provided, one of 100 Tuns, another of 40. and a Pinnace of 20. The transportation of the company was committed to Captaine Christopher Newport, a Marriner well practised for the Westerne parts of America. But their orders for government were put in a box, not to be opened, nor the governours knowne vntill they arrived in Virginia.

On the 19 of December, 1606. we set sayle from Black- wall, but by vnprosperous winds, were kept six weekes in i/*-9°,Q3, the sight of England] all which time, Master Hunt our JoV^o;.3)89' Preacher, was so weake and sicke, that few expected his recovery. Yet although he were but twentie myles from his habitation (the time we were in the Downes) and notwithstanding the stormy weather, nor the scandalous imputations (of some few, little better then Atheists, of the greatest ranke amongst vs) suggested against him, all this could never force from him so much as a seeming desire to leaue the busines, but preferred the service of God, in so good a voyage, before any affection to contest with his godlesse foes, whose disasterous designes (could they haue prevailed) [42] had even then overthrowne the businesse, so many discontents did then arise, had he not with the water of patience, and his godly exhortations (but chiefly by his true devoted examples) quenched those flames of envie, and dissention.

We watered at the Canaries, we traded with the Salvages at Dominica ; three weekes we spent in refreshing our selues amongst these west- India Isles ; in Gwardalupa we found a bath so hot, as in it we boyled Porck as well as iJ^SJre. over the fire. And at a little Isle called Monica, we tooke f uiirfeBildi ^rom ^e Dus^es ^h our nands, neare two hogsheads full of Birds in three or foure houres. In Mevis, Mona, and the Virgin Isles, we spent some time; where, with a loth- some beast like a Crocodil, called a Gwayn [Iguana], Tortoises, Pellicans, Parrots, and fishes, we daily feasted.

Ed.byW.Sunmond,.'J ]^lB^ with the first SUpply inVu%\v\*. 387

Gone from thence in search of Virginia, the company was not a little discomforted, seeing the Marriners had 3 dayes passed their reckoning and found no land ; so that Captaine Rat[c\liffe (Captaine of the Pinnace) rather desired to beare vp the helme to returne for England, then make further search. But God the guider of all good actions, forcing them by an extreame storme to hull all night, did driue them by his providence to their desired Port, beyond all their expectations ; for never any of them had seene that coast.

The first land they made they called Cape Henry ; where thirtie of them recreating themselues on shore, were assaulted by hue Salvages, who hurt two of the English very dangerously.

That night was the box opened, and the orders read, in which Bartholomew Gosnoll, Iohn Smith, Edward Wingfield, Christopher Newport, Iohn Rat[c]liffe,Iohn Martin, and George Kendall, were named to be the Councell, and to choose a President amongst them for a yeare, who with the Councell should governe. Matters of moment were to be examined by a Iury, but determined by the maior part of the Councell, in which the President had two voyces.

Vntill the 13 of May [1607] they sought a place to plant in ; then the Councell was sworne, Master Wingfield was chosen President, and an Oration made, why Captaine Smith was not admitted of the Councell as the rest.

Now falleth every man to worke, the Councell contriue the Fort, the rest cut downe trees to make place to pitch their Tents ; some provide clapbord to relade the ships, some make gardens, some nets, &c. The Salvages often visited vs kindly. The Presidents overweening iealousie would admit no exercise at armes, or fortification but the boughs of trees cast together in the forme of a halfe mooneby the extraordinary paines and diligence of Captaine Kendall.

Newport, Smith, and twentie others, were sent to discover the head of the river : by divers small habitations they passed, in six dayes they arrived at a Towne called Powhatan, consisting of some twelue houses, pleasantly seated on a hill ; before it three fertile lies, about it many of their cornefields, the place is very pleasant, and strong by nature, of this place the Prince is called Powhatan, and his people Powhatans. To this place the river is navigable :

[1607]

[/. 9*-]

Their first landing.

[//■ 5> 91. 896.]

Matters of

govern- ment.

[/• 6.]

The dis- covery of the FalUs and

Powhatan. [/. 9»-l

388 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. p*tM£j!SH:

[1607] but higher within a myle, by reason of the Rockes and

Isles, there is not passage for a small Boat, this they call

the Falles. The people in all parts kindly intreated them,

till being returned within twentie myles of lames towne,

they gaue iust cause of iealousie : but had God not blessed

the discoverers otherwise then those at the Fort, there had

then beene an end of that plantation ; for at the Fort,

where they arrived the next day, they found 17 men hurt,

The Fon and a boy slaine by the Salvages, and had it not chanced

h^hilcd a crosse barre shot from the Ships strooke downe a bough

salvage. from a tree amongSt them, that caused them to retire, our

[A' 7l men had all beene slaine, being securely all at worke, and

their armes in dry fats. !/• 8.] Herevpon the President was contented the Fort should

be pallisadoed, the Ordnance mounted, his men armed and exercised : for many were the assaults, and ambuscadoes of the Salvages, and our men by their disorderly stragling were often hurt, when the Salvages by the nimblenesse of their heeles well escaped.

What toyle we had, with so small a power to guard our workemen adayes, watch all night, resist our enemies, and effect our businesse, to relade the ships, cut downe trees, and prepare the ground to plant our Corne, &c, I referre to the Readers consideration.

Six weekes being spent in this manner, Captaine Newport (who was hired onely for [43] our transportation) was to returne with the ships.

Now Captaine Smith, who all this time from their departure from the Canaries was restrained as a prisoner vpon the scandalous suggestions of some of the chiefe (envying his repute) who fained he intended to vsurpe the government, murther the Councell, and make himselfe King, that his confederats were dispersed in all the three ships, and that divers of his confederats that revealed it, would affirme it ; for this he was committed as a prisoner. Thirteene weekes [24 Afar. — 10 June 1607, [pp. lvii,liv] he remained thus suspected, and by that time the ships should [/• 93-1 returne they pretended out of their commisserations, to referre him to the Councell in England to receiue a check, rather then by particulating his designes [to] make him so odious to the world, as to touch his life, or vtterly overthrow

Ed. by W. Simmonds."! T Tr, ~ 1612-1624. J L'lb- 3*

with the first supply in Virginia. 389

his reputation. But he so much scorned their charitie, and [1607] publikely defied the vttermost of their crueltie ; he wisely prevented their policies, though he could not suppresse their envies; yet so well he demeaned himselfe in this businesse, as all the company did see his innocency, and his adversaries malice, and those suborned to accuse him, accused his accusers of subornation ; many vntruthes were alledged against him ; but being so apparently disproved, begat a generall hatred in the hearts of the company against such vniust Commanders, that the President [Wingfield] was adiudged to giue him 200/. ; so that all he had was seized vpon, in part of satisfaction, which Smith presently returned to the Store for the generall vse of the Colony,

Many were the mischiefes that daily sprung from their ignorant (yet ambitious) spirits ; but the good Doctrine and exhortation of our Preacher Master Hunt reconciled them, and caused Captaine Smith to be admitted of the Councel [20 June, or rather on 10 June, see pAiv]

The next day all receiued the Communion, the day following [June 22] the Salvages voluntarily desired peace, and Captaine Newport returned for England with newes ; N^ports leaving in Virginia 100. the 15 [or rather 22. ; pp. lv, lxx] £^wr of Iune 1607. By this obserue ;

Good men did neW their Countries mine bring. But when evill men shall iniuries beginne ; Not caring to corrupt and violate The iudgements-seats for their owne Lucres sake : Then looke that Country cannot long haue peace, Though for the present it haue rest and ease.

[/A 90. 93,

99. *°3. 386f

402, 407.]

The names of them that were the Planters, were these following.

first

Master Edward Maria

Wingfield. Captaine Bartholomew

Gosnoll. Captaine John Smith. Captaine Iohn Rat[c\lijfe. Captaine Iohn Martin. Captaine George Kendall. d

o

o U

Master Robert Hunt

Preacher. Master George Percie. Anthony Gosnoll. George Flower. Cap. Gabriell A rcher. Robert Fenton. Robert Ford.

1607.

Sir Thomas

Smith

Treasurer.

39° The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [T- Stu£te&

enton, J. Smith.

[1607] William Bruster.

Edward Harrington.

Dru Pickhouse.

Thomas Iacob.

Iohn Brookes.

Ellis Kingston.

Thomas Sands.

Beniamin Beast.

Iehu Robinson.

Thomas Mouton.

Eustace Clovill.

Stephen Halthrop.

Kellam Throgmorton.

Edward Morish.

Nathaniell Powell.

Edward Browne.

Robert Behethland.

Iohn Peningtcn.

Ieremy A licock.

George Walker.

Thomas Studley. rGent.

Richard Crofts.

Nicholas Houlgrauc.

Thomas Wcbbe. t44j

Iohn Waller.

Iohn Short.

William Tankard.

William Smcthes.

Francis Snarsbvough.

Richard Simons. [/• 1* ) Edward Brookes.

Richard Dixon.

Iohn Martin. ■cr Cooke.

Anthony Gosnold.

Tho: Wotton,Chirurg.

Iohn Stevenson.

Thomas Gore.

Henry Ad ling.

Francis Midwinter.

Richard Frith.

(Compare this List with tho 161a one at //• 93. 94-1

C . w to

o

William Laxon. Edward Pising. Thomas Emry. Robert Small.

Iohn Lay don. William Cassen. George Cassen. Thomas Cassen. William Rodcs. William White. Old Edward. Henry Tavin. George Goulding. Iohn Dods. William Ioiinsan. William Vnger.

lam: Read, Blacksmith Ionas Profit, Sailer. Tho: Cowper, Barber. Will: Garret, Bricklayer. Edward Br into, Mason. William Lone, Taylor. Nic: Scot, Drum. Wil: Wilkinson, Chirurg.

Samuell Collier, boy. Nat. Pecock, boy. lames Brnmfield, boy. Richard Mutton, boy.

With divers others to the number of 100.

Ed. by W. Simmonds.l 1612-1624.J

Lib. 3. with the first supply in Virginia. 391

CHAPTER II.

What happened till the first supply.

The occa- sion of sickncsse.

Eing thus left to our fortunes, it fortuned [1607] that within ten dayes scarce ten amongst vs could either goe, or well stand, such extreame weaknes and sicknes oppressed vs. And thereat none need marvaile, if they consider the cause and reason, which was this.

Whilest the ships stayed, our allowance was somewhat bettered, by a daily proportion of Bisket, which the sailers \p. 95] would pilfer to sell, giue, or exchange with vs, for money, JbusS"1*" Saxefras, furres, or loue. But when they departed, there remained neither taverne, beere house, nor place of reliefe, but the common Kettell. Had we beene as free from all sinnes as gluttony, and drunkennesse, we might haue beene canonized for Saints ; But our President [Wingfield] would never haue beene admitted, for ingrossing to his private [i.e., his own ws£_],Oatmeale,Sacke,Oyle, Aquavitce, Beefe,Egges, or what not, but the Kettell ; that indeed he allowed equally to be distributed, and that was halfe a pint of wheat, and as much barley boyled with water for a man a day, and this having fryed some 26. weekes [Dec. 1606 — June 1607] in the ships hold, contained as many wormes as graines ; so that we might truely call it rather so much bran then corne, our [>• 957] drinke was water, our lodgings Castles in the ayre.

With this lodging and dyet, our extreame toile in bearing and planting Pallisadoes, so strained and bruised vs, and our continuall labour in the extremitie of the heat had so weakned vs, as were cause sufficient to haue made vs as miserable in our natiue Countrey, or any other place in the world.

From May, to September [1607], those that escaped, liued vpon Sturgeon, and Sea-crabs, fiftie in this time we buried, the rest seeing the Presidents proiects to escape ^?Jent these miseries in our Pinnace by flight (who all this time had neither felt want nor sicknes) so moved our dead spirits, as we deposed him [10 Sept. 1607] ; and established Ratcliffe in his place, (Gosnoll being dead [22 Aug. 1607]) tA«.

392 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. F*8^,££ts£K

[1607] Kendall deposed [? S^/tf. 1607]. Smith newly recovered, Martin and Ratcliffe was by his care preserved and relieued, and the most of the souldiers recovered with the skilfull diligence of Master Thomas Wotton our Chirurgian generall. But now was all our provision spent, the Sturgeon gone, all helps abandoned, each houre expecting the fury of the Salvages ; when God the patron of all good

pientie indevours, in that desperate extremitie so changed the

vn«p«:ted. hearts of the Salvages, that they brought such plenty of their fruits, and provision, as no man wanted.

And now where some affirmed it was ill done of the Councell to send forth men so badly provided, this incon- tradictable reason will shew them plainely they are too ill

[/• 96] advised to nourish such ill conceits ; first, the fault of our going was our owne, [45] what could be thought fitting or necessary we had; but what we should find, or want, or where we should be, we were all ignorant, and supposing to make our passage in two moneths, with victuall to Hue, and the advantage of the spring to worke ; we were at Sea fiue moneths, where we both spent our victuall and lost the opportunitie of the time and season to plant, by the vnskilfull presumption of our ignorant transporters, that vnderstood not at all, what they vndertooke.

Such actions haue ever since the worlds beginning beene subiect to such accidents, and every thing of worth is found full of difficulties : but nothing so difficult as to establish a Common wealth so farre remote from men and meanes, and where mens mindes are so vntoward as neither doe well themselues, nor suffer others. But to proceed.

(/• 9.] The new President [Ratcliffe], and Martin, being little

beloved, of weake iudgement in dangers, and lesse industrie in peace, committed the managing of all things abroad to Captaine Smith : who by his owne example, good words, and faire promises, set some to mow, others to binde

ofhwlding thatch, some to build houses, others to thatch them,

tmh*. himselfe alwayes bearing the greatest taske for his owne share, so that in short time, he provided most of them lodgings, neglecting any for himselfe.

This done, seeing the Salvages superfluitie beginne to decrease [he] (with some of his workemen) shipped him- selfe [9 Nov. 1607] in the Shallop to search the Country for

Ed. by w.shnmonds.-j LlB ^ with the first supply in Virginia. 393

trade. The want of the language, knowledge to mannage [1607] his boat without sailes, the want of a sufficient power (knowing the multitude of the Salvages), apparell for his men, and other necessaries, were infinite impediments ; yet no discouragement.

Being but six or seauen in company he went downe 1/.9J the river to Kecoughtan : where at first they scorned him, as a famished man ; and would in derison offer him a handfull of Corne, a peece of bread, for their swords and muskets, and such like proportions also for their The apparell. But seeing by trade and courtesie there was ofTradeg nothing to be had, he made bold to try such conclusions abroad' as necessitie inforced, though contrary to his Com- mission : [he] Let fly his muskets, ran his boat on shore ; whereat they all fled into the woods.

So marching towards their houses, they might see great heapes of corne : much adoe he had to restraine his hungry souldiers from [the] present taking of it, expecting as it hapned that the Salvages would assault them, as not long after they did with a most hydeous noyse. Sixtie or seaventie of them, some blacke, some red, some white, some party-coloured, came in a square order, singing and dauncing out of the woods, with their Okee (which was an Idoll made of skinnes, stuffed with mosse, all painted and hung with chaines and copper) borne before them : and in this manner, being well armed with Clubs, Targets, Bowes and Arrowes, they charged the English, that so kindly receiued them with their muskets loaden with Pistoll shot, that downe fell their God, and divers lay sprauling on the ground ; the rest fled againe to the woods, and ere long sent one of their Quiyoughkasoucks to offer peace, and redeeme their Okee.

Smithtold them, if onely six of them would come vnarmed and loade his boat, he would not only be their friend, but restore them their Okee, and giue them Beads, Copper, and Hatchets besides : which on both sides was to their contents performed : and then they brought him Venison, Turkies, wild foule, bread, and what they had ; singing and dauncing in signe of friendship till they departed.

In his returne he discovered the Towne and Country [/. 10.J of Warraskoyack.

394 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [T'Stu£.eft

enton, J. Smith.

[1607]

[/• 97-1

Amtru, a Salvage his best friend slaine for loving vs.

The

Discovery of Chicka- hamint.

I/.xo.]

Another proiect to abandon the

Thus God vnboundlessc by his power, Made them thus kind, would vs deuour.

Smith perceiving (notwithstanding their late miserie) not any regarded but from hand to mouth : (the company being well recovered) caused the Pinnace to be provided with things fitting to get provision for the yeare following ; but in the interim he made 3. or 4. iournies and discovered the people of Chickahamania : yet what he carefully pro- vided the rest carelesly spent.

Wingfield and Kendall liuing in disgrace, seeing all things at randome in the absence of Smith, the companies dislike of their [46] Presidents weaknes, and their small loue to Martins never mending sicknes, strengthened themselues with the sailers and other confederates, to regaine their former credit and authority, or at least such meanes abord the Pinnace, (being fitted to saile as Smith had appointed for trade) to alter her course and to goe for England.

Smith vnexpectedly returning had the plot discovered to him, much trouble he had to prevent it, till with store of sakre and musket shot he forced them stay or sinke in the riuer : which action cost the life of captaine Kendall [after trial, see pp. 13,97].

These brawles are so disgustfull, as some will say they were better forgotten, yet all men of good iudgement will conclude, it were better their basenes should be manifest to the world, then the busines beare the scorne and shame of their excused disorders.

The President [Ratcliffe] and captaine Archer not long after intended also to haue abandoned the country, which proiect also was curbed, and suppressed by Smith.

The Spaniard never more greedily desired gold then he [Smith] victual 1 ; nor his souldiersmore to abandon the Coun- try, then hetokeepe it. But finding [he found] plentieofCorne in the riuer of Chickahamania, where hundreds of Salvages in diuers places stood with baskets expecting his comming.

And now the winter approaching, the rivers became so covered with swans, geese, duckes, and cranes, that we daily feasted with good bread, Virginia pease, pumpions, and putchamins, fish, fowle, and diverse sorts of wild beasts as fat as we could eate them : so that none of our Tuftaffaty humorists desired to goe for England.

Ed.byw.stomondj.-j lib ^ w^/t the first supply in Virginia. 395

But our Comcedies never endured long without a Tragedie ; [1607] some idle exceptions being muttered against Captaine Smith, IP- 98.] for not discovering the head of Chickahamania river, and [being] taxed by the Councell, to be too slow in so worthy an attempt. The next voyage hee proceeded so farre that with much labour by cutting of trees insunder he made his passage ; but when his Barge could passe no farther, he left her in a broad bay out of danger of shot, commanding none should goe a shore till his returne : himselfe with two English and two Salvages went vp higher in a Canowe; but hee was not long absent, but his men went a shore, whose want of government gaue both occasion and opportunity to the Salvages to surprise one George Cassen, whom they slew, and much failed not to hauecut of[f] the boat and all the rest.

Smith little dreaming of that accident, being got to the marshes at the rivers head, twentie myles in the desert, had his *two men slaine (as is supposed) sleeping by the */**« Canowe, whilst himselfe by fowling sought them victuall : ^°&mon who finding he was beset with 200. Salvages, two of them ^mas hee slew, still defending himselfe with the ayd of a Salvage siaine. his guid, whom he bound to his arme with his garters, and vsed him as a buckler, yet he was shot in his thigh a little, and had many arrowes that stucke in his cloathes but no great hurt, till at last they tooke him prisoner.

When this newes came to lames towne, much was their sorrow for his losse, fewe expecting what ensued.

Sixe or seuen weekes [rather about the three weeks 16 Dec. 1607 — 8 Jan. 1608] those Barbarians kept him prisoner, many strange triumphes and coniurations they made of him, yet hee so demeaned himselfe amongst them, as he not onely diverted them from surprising the Fort, but pro- cured his owne libertie, and got himselfe and his company such estimation amongst them, that those Salvages admired him more then their owne Quiyouckosucks.

The manner how they vsed and deliuered him, is as followeth.

The Salvages hauing drawne from George Cassen whether Captaine Captaine Smith was gone, prosecuting that oportunity taken they followed him with. 300. bowmen, conducted by the Prisonar King of Pamavnkee, who in diuisions searching the turn-

396 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. P'^^^tsSE

395. 401. J

[1607] ings of the riuer, found Robinson and Entry by the fire [//• is, i6, side : those they shot full of arrowes and slew. Then find- ing the Captaine, as is said, that vsed the Salvage that was his guide as his shield (three of them being slaine and diuers other so gauld) all the rest would not come neere him. Thinking thus to haue returned to his boat, regard- ing them, as he marched, more then his way, [he] slipped vp to the middle in an oasie creeke and his Salvage with him ; yet durst they not come to him till being neere dead with cold, he threw away his armes. Then according to their composition they drew him forth and led him to the fire, where his men were slaine. Diligently they chafed his benummed [47] limbs.

He demanding for their Captaine, they shewed him [/.*».} Opechankanough, King of Pamavnkee, to whom he gaue a round Ivory double compass Dyall. Much they marvailed at the playing of the Fly and Needle, which they could see so plainely, and yet not touch it, because of the glasse that covered them. But when he demon- strated by that Globe-like Iewell, the roundnesse of the earth, and skies, the spheare of the Sunne, Moone, and Starres, and how the Sunne did chase the night round about the world continually ; the greatnesse of the Land and Sea, the diversitie of Nations, varietie of complexions, and how we were to them Antipodes, and many other such like matters, they all stood as amazed with admiration. Notwithstanding, within an houre after they tyed him to a tree, and as many as could stand about him prepared to shoot him : but the King holding vp the Compass in his hand, they all laid downe their Bowes and Arrowes, and in a triumphant manner led him to Orapaks, where he was after their manner kindly feasted, and well vsed.

Their order in conducting him was thus; Drawing them-

The order

they selues all in fyle, the King in the middest had all their Peeces

0 Sir and Swords borne before him. Captaine Smith was led

trivmph.

after him by three great Salvages, holding him fast by each arme : and on each side six went in fyle with their Arrowes nocked. But arriving at the Towne [Orapaks] (which was but onely thirtie or fortie hunting houses made of Mats, which they remoue as they please, as we our tents) all the women and children staring to behold him,

Ed byw.sbnmonds.-j lib> ^ w^ the first supply in Virginia. 397

the souldiers first all in fyle performed the forme of a [1607] Bissone so well as could be; and on each flanke, officers as Serieants to see them keepe their orders. A good time they continued this exercise, and then cast themselues in a ring, dauncing in such severall Postures, and singing and yelling out such hellish notes and screeches ; being strangely painted, every one his quiver of Arrowes, and at his backe a club ; on his arme a Fox or an Otters skinne, or some such matter for his vambrace ; their heads and shoulders painted red, with Oyle and Pocones mingled together, which Scarlet-like colour made an exceeding handsome shew ; his Bow in his hand, and the skinne of a Bird with her wings abroad dryed, tyed on his head, a peece of copper, a white shell, a long feather, with a small rattle growing at the tayies of their snak[e]s tyed to it, or some such like toy. All this while Smith and the King stood in the middest guarded, as before is said : and after three dances they all departed. Smith they conducted to a long house, where thirtie or fortie tall fellowes did guard him ; and ere long more bread and venison was brought him then would haue served twentie men. Ithinke his stomacke at that time was not very good ; what he left they put in baskets and tyed over his head. About midnight they set the meate againe before him, all this time not one of them would eate a bit with him, till the next morning they brought him as much more ; and then did they eate all the old, and reserved the new as they had done the other, which made him thinke they would fat him to eat him. Yet in this desperate estate to defend him from the cold, one Maocassater brought him his gowne, in requitall of some beads and toyes Smith had given him at his first arrivall in Virginia.

Two dayes after a man would haue slaine him (but that [/. 17] the guard prevented it) for the death of his sonne, to whom How he they conducted him to recover the poore man then breath- SSl^iSSe ing his last. Smith told them that at lames towne he had fjj^' a water would doe it, if they would let him fetch it, but they would not permit that : but made all the preparations they could to assault lames towne, crauing his advice ; and for recompence he should haue life, libertie, land, and women. In part of a Table booke he writ his minde to tA 17.1 them at the Fort, v/hat was intended, how they should

398 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [* ^g^STsSS.

[1607]

How he saucd James towne from being surprised.

[//.17, 18.J

How they did Coniure him at Pamaznktt.

follow that direction to affright the messengers, and with- out fayle send him such things as he writ for. And an Inventory with them. The difncultie and danger, he told the Salvages, of the Mines, great gunnes, and other Engins exceedingly affrighted them, yet according to his requestthey went to lames towne, in as bitter weather as could be of frost and snow, and within three dayes returned with an answer.

But when they came to Iame[s] towne, seeing men sally out as he had told them they would, they fled ; yet in the night they came againe to the same place where he had [48j told them they should receiue an answer, and such things as he had promised them : which they found accord- ingly, and with which they returned with no small expe- dition, to the wonder of them all that heard it, that he could either divine, or the paper could speake.

Then they led him to the Youthtanunds, the Mattapanients, the Payankatanks, the Nantaughtacunds, and Onawmanients vpon the rivers of Rapahanock, and Patawomek; over all those rivers, and backe againe by divers other severall Nations, to the Kings habitation at Pamavnkee : where they enter- tained him with most strange and fearefull Coniurations ; As if 71 care led to hell. Amongst the Devils to dwell.

Not long after, early in a morning a great fire was made in a long house, and a mat spread on the one side, as on the other ; on the one they caused him to sit, and all the guard went out of the house, and presently came skipping in a great grim fellow, all painted over with coale, mingled with oyle ; and many Snakes and Wesels skins stuffed with mosse, and all their tayles tyed together, so as they met on the crowne of his head in a tassell ; and round about the tassell was as a Coronet of feathers, the skins hanging round about his head, backe, and shoulders, and in a manner covered his face ; with a hellish voyce, and a rattle in his hand. With most strange gestures and passions he began his invocation, and environed the fire with a circle of meale ; which done, three more such like devils came rushing in with the like antique tricks, painted halfe blacke, halfe red : but all their eyes were painted white, and some red stroakes like Mutchato's, along their cheekes : round about him those fiends daunced a pretty while, and then

Ed.byw.simmonds.j LlB> 3. with the first supply in Virginia. 399

came in three more as vgly as the rest ; with red eyes, and [1607-8] white stroakes over their blacke faces, at last they all sat downe right against him ; three of them on the one hand of the chiefe Priest, and three on the other. Then all with their rattles began a song, which ended, the chiefe Priest layd downe fiue wheat cornes : then strayning his armes and hands with such violence that he sweat, and his veynes swelled, he began a short Oration : at the conclu- sion they all gaue a short groane ; and then layd down three graines more. After that, began their song againe, and then another Oration, ever laying downe so many cornes as before, till they had twice incirculed the fire ; that done, they tooke a bunch of little stickes prepared for that purpose, continuing- still their devotion, and at the end of every song and Oration, they layd downe a sticke betwixt the divisions of Corne. Till night, neither he nor they did either eate or drinke ; and then they feasted merrily, with the best provisions they could make. Three dayes they vsed this Ceremony ; the meaning whereof they told him, was to know if he intended them well or no. The circle of meale signified their Country, the circles of corne the bounds of the Sea, and the stickes his Country. They imagined the world to be flat and round, like a trencher ; and they in the middest.

After this they brought him a bagge of gunpowder, which they carefully preserved till the next spring, to plant as they did their corne ; because they would be acquainted with the nature of that seede.

Opitchapam the Kings brother invited him to his house, where, with as many platters of bread, foule, and wild beasts, as did environ him, he bid him wellcome ; but not any of them would eate a bit with him, but put vp all the remainder in Baskets.

At his returne to Opechancanoughs, all the Kings women, and their children, flocked about him for their parts; as a due by Custome, to be merry with such fragments. But his waking mind in hydeous dreames did oft see wondrous

shapes, Of bodies strange, and hugein growth, and of stupendious makes.

At last they brought him to Meronocomoco [5 Jan. 1608], l>- 18> where was Powhatan their Emperor. Here more than two

400 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [7" Stu^e?J?TsSSS

[1608] hundred of those grim Courtiers stood wondering at him, as PmAatan ^e ^ad beene a ™onster ; till Powhatan and his trayne had em^rtained put themselues in their greatest braveries. Before a fire vpon a seat like a bedsted, he sat covered with a great robe, [/. 19.] made of Rarowcnn skinnes, and all the tayles hanging by. On either hand did sit a young wench of 16 or 18 yeares, and along on each side the house, two rowes [49] of men, and behind them as many women, with all their heads and shoulders painted red : many of their heads bedecked with the white downe of Birds ; but every one with some- thing: and a great chayne of white beads about their necks. At his entrance before the King, all the people gaue [//.xhx.ixv, a grea{ shout. The Queene of Appamatuck was ap- pointed to bring him water to wash his hands, and another brought him a bunch of feathers, in stead of a Towell to dry them : having feasted him after their best barbarous manner they could, a long consultation was held, but the conclusion was, two great stones were brought before Powhatan : then as many as could layd hands on him, dragged him to them, and thereon laid his head, and being ready with their clubs, to beate out his braines, Pocahontas the Kings dearest daughter, when no intreaty could pre- p^ahPHia* vaile, got his head in her armes, and laid her owne vpon laved his life. hjs to saue him from death : whereat the Emperour was contented he should Hue to make him hatchets, and her bells, beads, and copper ; for they thought him aswell of all occupations as themselues. For the King himselfe will make his owne robes, shooes, bowes, arrowes, pots ; plant, hunt, or doe any thing so well as the rest.

They say he bore a pleasant shew, But sure his heart was sad. For who can pleasant be, and restt That Hues in fear e and dread : And having life suspected, doth It still suspected lead. Two dayes after [7 Jan. 1608], Powhatan having disguised himselfe in the most fearefullest manner he could, caused Captain Smith to be brought forth to a great house in the woods, and there vpon a mat by the fire to be left alone. Not long after from behinde a mat that divided the house, was madethemostdolefullestnoyseheeverheard; ih^n Powhatan

Ed. by w. s^mmonds.-j lib ^ w^/t the fir st supply in Virginia. 401

more like a devill then a man, with some two hundred more [1608] as blacke as himselfe, came vnto him and told him now ™™katan they were friends, and presently he should goe to lames sent him to towne, to send him two great gunnes, and a gryndstone, Towne. for which he would giue him the Country of Capahowosick, [/. 20.] and for ever esteeme him as his sonne Nantaquoud.

So to lames towne with 12 guides Powhatan sent him. That night [7 Jan. 1608] they quarterd in the woods, he still [A 22.] expecting (as he had done all this longtime of his imprison- ment) every houre to be put to one death or other : for all their feasting. But almightie God (by his divine providence) had mollified the hearts of those sterne Barbarians with compassion. The next morning [8 Jan.] betimes they came to the Fort, where Smith having vsed the Salvages with what kindnesse he could, he shewed Rawhunt, Powhatans trusty servant, two demi-Culverings and a millstone to carry Powhatan : they found them somewhat too heavie ; but when they did see him discharge them, being loaded with stones, among the boughs of a great tree loaded with Isic- kles, the yce and branches came so tumbling downe, that the poore Salvages ran away halfe dead with feare. But at last we regained some conference with them, and gaue them such toyes ; and sent to Powhatan, his women, and children such presents, as gaue them in generall full content.

Now in lames Towne they were all in combustion, the The third

, -,1 ,1 proiect to

strongest preparing once more to run away with the abandon the Pinnace ; which with the hazzard of his life, with Sakre ^°un8trey' falcon and musket shot, Smith forced now the third time ' 9 ' to stay or sinke.

Some no better then they should be, had plotted with [>.ixxxvi.i the President [Ratcliffe], the next day [9 Jan.] to haue put him to death by the Leviticall law, for the Hues of Robinson and Emry ; pretending the fault was his that [3^; ^^.J6' had led them to their ends : but he quickly tooke such order with such Lawyers, that he layd them by the heeles till he sent some of them prisoners for England.

Now ever once in foure or fiue dayes, Pocahontas with her attendants, brought him so much provision, that saved many of their Hues, that els for all this had starved with hunger. Thus from numbe death our good God sent relief e, The sweete asswager of all other grief e. [50]

26

402 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [T> Stt^'eL" jrriSh.'

[1608] His relation of the plenty he had seene, especially at

A1™* f Werawocomoco, and of the state and bountie of Powhatan, SoSs'ioue (which till that time was vnknowne) so revived their dead Lctiol spirits (especially the loue of Pocahontas) as all mens feare

was abandoned. [j.9g.) Thus you may see what difficulties still crossed an}'

good indevour; and the good successe of the businesse being thus oft brought to the very period of destruction; yet you see by what strange means God hath still delivered it. As for the insufficiency of them admitted in Commission, that error could not be prevented by the Electors ; there being no other choise, and all strangers to each others education, qualities, or disposition.

And if any deeme it a shame to our Nation to haue any mention made of those inormities, let him pervse the Histories of the Spanyards Discoveries and Plantations, where they may see how many mutinies, disorders, and dissensions haue accompanied them, and crossed their attempts : which being knowne to be particular mens offences; doth take away the generall scorne and con- tempt, which malice, presumption, covetousnesse, or ignorance might produce ; to the scandall and reproach of those, whose actions and valiant resolutions deserue a more worthy respect. [The colony Now whether it had beene better for Captaine Smith, to 38 men?byto baue concluded with any of those severall proiects, to haue ofj^yJl abandoned the Countrey, with some ten or twelue of them, on*s j™ ivaI w^° were ca^ec^ tne better sort, and haue left Master Hunt 1608; u'epp. our Preacher, Master Anthony Gosnoll, a most honest, "I.']6"' worthy, and industrious Gentleman, Master Thomas Wotton, and some 27 others of his Countrymen to the fury of the Salvages, famine, and all manner of mischiefes, and of two evils inconveniences, (for they were but fortie in all to keepe owas possession of this large Country;) or starue himselfe with them for company, for want of lodging : or but adventur- ing abroad to make them provision, or by his opposition to preserue the action, and saue all their liues ; I leaue to the censure of all honest men to consider. But We men imagine in our Iolitie, That 'tis all one, or good or bad to be. But then an one wee alter this againe,

Ed.byw.s^mmonds.j LlB 3 wM tfa first suppiy jn Virginia. 403

If happily wee feele the sence of paine ; [1608]

For then we're tum'd into a mourning vaine.

Written by Thomas Studley the first Cape Merchant in Virginia, Robert Fenton, Edward Harrington y and /. S.

CHAPTER III. r/-«»J

The Arrivall of the first supply, with their

Proceedings, and the Ships retttrne.

LLthis time our care was not so much to abandon the Countrey ; but the Treasurer and Councell in England, were as diligent and carefull to supply vs. Two good ships they sent vs, with neare a hundred men, well furnished with all things could be imagined necessary, both for them and vs ; The one commanded by Captaine Newport : the other by Captaine Francis Nelson, an honest man, and an expert Marriner. But such was the lewardnesse of his Ship [the The Phcenix] (that though he was within the sight of Cape fromclipe Henry) by stormy contrary winds was he forced so farre faSYto to Sea, that the West Indies was the next land, for the f*J£sest repaire of his Masts, and reliefe of wood and water.

But Newport got in and arrived at lames Towne, not i/.^.) long after the redemption of Captaine Smith [or rather in the evening of the 8th Jan. 1608, on which Smith returned]. To whom the Salvages, as is sayd, every other day repaired, with such provisions that sufficiently did serue them from hand to mouth : part alwayes they brought him as Presents from their Kings, or Pocahontas; the rest he as their Market Clarke set the price himselfe, how they should sell : so he [51] had inchanted these poore soules being their prisoner; and now Newport, whom he called his Father arriving, neare as directly as he foretold, they esteemed him as an ^# X0I#1 Oracle, and [he] had them at that submission he might com- mand them what he listed. That God that created all The.r things they knew he adored for his God: they would also opinion of in their discourses tearme the God of Captaine Smith.

404 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [ams Todkui.

ri608] Thus the Almightie was the bringer on,

The guide, path, terme, all which was God alone.

But the President [Ratcliffe] and Councell so much envied his estimation among the Salvages, (though we all in generall equally participated with him of the good thereof,) that they wrought it into the Salvages vnder- standings (by their great bounty in giving foure times more for their commodities then Smith appointed) that their greatnesse and authoritie as much exceeded his, as their bountie and liberalise.

Now the arrivall of this first supply so overioyed vs, that wee could not devise too much to please the Marriners. We gaue them libertie to trucke or trade at their pleasures. But in a short time it followed, that could not be had for a pound of Copper, which before was sould vs for an ounce : thus ambition and sufferance cut the throat of our trade, but confirmed their opinion of the greatnesse of Captaine Newport, (wherewith Smith had possessed Powhatan) especially by the great presents Newport often sent him, before he could prepare the Pinnace to goe and visit him : (A »3.) so that this great Savage desired also to see him. A great coyle there was to set him forward [Feb. 1608].

When he went he was accompanied with Captaine Smith, and Master Scrivener, a very wise understanding Gentleman, newly arrived and admitted of the Councell, with thirtie or fortie chosen men for their guard.

(/• 24-] Arriving at Werowocomoco, Ncwports conceit of this great

Savage bred many doubts and suspitions of trecheries, which Smith to make appeare was needlesse, with twentie men well appointed, vndertooke to encounter the worst

PowhMtkn. that could happen : Knowing

All is but one, and selfe-same hand, that thus Both one while scourgeth, and that helped vs.

Smiths revisiting

Nathanicll Powell. Robert Behethland. Mich[a]ellPhittiplace. William Phittiplace. Anthony Gosnoll. Richard Wyffin,

Gent.

John Tavemer. William Dyer. I ^ . Thomas Coe. Thomas Hope.

Anas Todkill.

ta.byw.simmonds.-j lib> ^ w^ the first supply in Virginia. 405

These, with nine others (whose names I haue forgotten) [1608] comming a-shore, landed amongst a many of creekes, W- I02-l over which they were to passe [by] such poore bridges, onely j^ne"'* made of a few cratches thrust in the o[o]se, and three or tainment. foure poles laid on them, and at the end of them the like, tyed together onely with barkes of trees, that it made them much suspect those bridges were but traps. Which caused Smith to make diverse Salvages goe over first, keeping some of the chiefe as hostage till halfe his men were passed, to make a guard for himselfe and the rest.

But finding all things well, by two or three hundred Salvages they were kindly conducted to their towne. Where Powhatan strained himselfe to the vtmost of his greatnesse to entertaine them, with great shouts of ioy, Orations of protestations ; and with the most plenty of victualls he could provide to feast them.

Sitting vpon his bed of mats, his pillow of leather imbrodered (after their rude manner with pearle and white Beads) his attyre a faire robe of skinnes as large as an Irish mantell : at his head and [at his] feete a handsome young woman : on each side his house sat twentie of his Concu- bines, their heads and shoulders painted red, with a great chaine of white beads about each of their neckes. Before those sat his chiefest men in like order in his arbour-like house, and more then fortie platters of fine bread stood as a guard in two fyles on each side the doore. Foure or fiue hundred people made a guard behinde them for our passage : and Proclamation was made, none vpon paine of death to presume to doe vs any wrong or discourtesie.

With many pretty Discourses to renew [52] their old lA^s-i acquaintance, this great King and our Captaine spent the time, till the ebbe left our Barge aground. Then renewing their feasts with feates, dauncing and singing, and such like mirth, we quartered that night with Powhatan.

The next day Newport came a shore and receiued as much [/• *7-) content as those people could giue him : a boy named Thomas Change of Salvage was then giuen vnto Powhatan,whom Newport called ^ristian his sonne ; for whom Powhatan gaue him Namontack his salvage, trustie servant, and one of a shrewd, subtill capacitie. (>• 569-1

406 [1608]

[/• «7-]

Powhatans speech.

[/• 103.]

Differences of opinions.

[>. a8.]

The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib 3. [An»sTodkm.

Three or foure dayes more we spent in feasting, dauncing, and trading, wherein Powhatan carried himselfe so proudly, yet discreetly (in his salvage manner) as made vs all admire his naturall gifts, considering his education.

As scorning to trade as his subiects did ; he bespake Newport in this manner.

Captaine Newport it is not agreeable to my greatnesse, in this pedling manner to trade for trifles ; and I esteeme you also a great Werowance. Therefore lay me downe all your com- modities together ; what I like I will take, and in recompence giue you what I thinke fitting their value.

Captaine Smith being our interpreter, regarding Newport as his father, knowing best the disposition of Powhatan, tould vs his intent was but onely to cheate vs ; yet Captaine Newport thinking to out braue this Salvage in ostentation of greatnesse, and so to bewitch him with him bountie, as to haue what he listed, it so hapned, that Powhatan hauing his desire, valued his corne at such a rate, that I thinke it [were] better cheape in Spaine : for we had not foure bushells for that we expected to haue twentie hogsheads.

This bred some vnkindnesse betweene our two Captaines ; Newport seeking to please the vnsatiable desire of the Salvage, Smith to cause the Salvage to please him ; but smothering his distast to avoyd the Saluages suspition, [Smith] glanced in the eyes of Powhatan many trifles, who fixed his humor vpon a few blew beades. A long time he importunately desired them, but Smith seemed so much the more to affect them, as being composed of a most rare substance of the coulour of the skyes, and not to be worne but by the greatest kings in the world. This made him halfe madde to be the owner of such strange Iewells : so that ere we departed, for a pound or two of blew beades, he brought ouer my king for 2. or 300. Bushells of corne ; yet parted good friends.

The like entertainment we found of Opechankanough king of Pamavnkee, whom also he in like manner fitted (at the like rates) with blew beads : which grew by this meanes, of that estimation, that none durst weare any of them but their great kings, their wiues and children.

buS* town" And so we returned all well to lames towne [9 Mar. 1608], [/■ j«4 where this new supply being lodged with the rest, [had]

Ed.byw.simmonds.j LlB^ 3. with the first supply in Virginia. 407

accidently fired [about 17 Jan. 1608] their quarters, and so [1608] the towne : which being but thatched with reeds, the fire was so fierce as it burnt their Pallisado's, (though eight or [/.lxxxvi. ten yards distant) with their Armes, bedding, apparell, and much priuate prouision. Good Master Hunt our Preacher ^ lost all his Library, and all he had but the cloathes on his 99. w*,' 386, backe : yet none neuer heard him repine at his losse. This 4oa" happned in the winter in that extreame frost. i6oj[-8].

Now though we had victuall sufficient I meane onely of Ashipideiy Oatmeale, meale and corne : yet the bhip staying 14. weekes weekes. [or actually 13 weeks and 2 days from 8 Jan. to 10 April 1608] when shee might as wel haue beene gone in 14. dayes, spent a great part of that, and neare all the rest that was sent to be landed.

When they departed what the[i]re discretion could spare vs, to make a little poore meale or two, we called feastes, to relish our mouthes : of each somwhat they left vs, yet I must confesse, those that had either money, spare clothes, credit to giue billes of paiment, gold rings, furrs, or any such commodities, were euer welcome to this remouing tauerne, such was our patience to obay such vile \t. 104.] Commanders, and buy our owne provisions at 15. times the value, suffering them feast (we bearing the charge) yet must not repine, but fast, least we should incurre the cen- sure of [being] factious and seditious persons : and then leakage, ship-rats, and other casualties occasioned them losse : but the vessels and remnants (for totals) we were glad to receaue with all our hearts to make vp the account, highly commending their prouidence for preseruing that, least they should discourage any more to come to vs.

Now for all this plenty our ordynary was but meale and water, so that this great charge little releeued our wants, whereby with the extremitie of the [53] bitter cold frost and those defects, more then halfe of vs dyed.

I cannot deny but both Smith and Skriuener did their best to amend what was amisse, but with the President went the maior part, that the[i]re homes were to[o] short.

But the worst was our guilded refiners with their golden ^e

effect

promises made all men their slaues in hope of recompences ; Verbaiisu. there was no talke, no hope, no worke, but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, loade gold, such a bruit of gold,

408 The Discoveries and Accidents^ Lib. 3. [Ana$Todku

[1608] that one mad fellow [a wag] desired to be buried in the sands

least they should by the [i] re art make gold of his bones :

little neede there was and lesse reason, the ship should stay,

Aneedicsse the[i]re wages run on, our victualls consume 14. weekes,

fTSC\ *hat tne Mariners might say, they did helpe to build such

'9S7' a golden Church that we can say the raine washed neere

to nothing in 14. dayes.

Were it that captaine Smith would not applaude all those golden inventions, because they admitted him not to the sight of their trialls nor golden consultations, I know not ; but I haue heard him oft question with Cap- taine Martin and tell him, except he could shew him a more substantiall triall, he was not inamoured with their durty skill, breathing out these and many other passions, neuer any thing did more torment him, then to see all necessary busines neglected, to fraught such a drunken ship with so much guilded durt. a retume to Till then we neuer accounted, Captaine Newport a refiner, England. wh0 being ready to set saile for England, and we not ^. 105,] hauing any vse of Parliaments, Plaies, Petitions, Admiralls, . . Recorders, Interpreters, Chronologers, Courts of Plea, nor Iustices of peace, sent [10 April 1608] Master Wingfield l/.ixxxvii.] and Captaine Archer home with him, that had ingrossed all those titles, to seeke some better place of imployment.

Oh cursed gold, those hunger-starved movers, To what misfortunes lead'st thou all those lovers ! For all the China wealth, nor Indies can Suffice the minde of an avWitious man.

CHAPTER I I I I

The Arrhall of the Phoenix ; her retume ;

and other Accidents.

He authoritie now consisting in Captaine Martin, and the still sickly President [Ratcliffe], the sale of the Stores commodities maintained his estate, as an inheritable revenew. The spring approaching, and the Ship departing, Master

Ed. by w. s«nmonds.-j lib 3. with the fir st supply in Virginia. 409

Scrivener and Captaine Smith devided betwixt them the [1608] rebuilding lames towne ; the repairing our Pallizadoes ; the cutting downe trees ; preparing our fields ; planting our [/. 33.] corne, and to rebuild our Church, and re-cover our Store house.

All men thus busie at their severall labours, Master Nelson arrived with his lost Phcenix ; lost (I say) for that \p. 34] we all deemed him lost. Landing safely all his men, (so well he had mannaged his ill hap,) causing the Indian Isles to feede his company, that his victuail to that we had gotten, as is said before, was neare, after our allowance, sufficient for halfe a yeare. He had not any thing but he freely imparted it, which honest dealing (being a Marriner) caused vs admire him : we would not haue wished more then he did for vs.

Now to relade this ship with some good tydings, the President (not holding it stood with the dignitie of his place to leaue the Fort) gaue order to Captaine Smith to discover and search the commodities of the Monacans sixtie Countrey beyond the Falls. Sixtie able men was allotted SSStoaJ them, the which within six dayes, Smith had so well trained Monacans. to their armes and orders, that they little feared with whom \p. 106.] they should incounter : yet so vnseasonable was the time, and so opposit was Captaine Martin to any thing, but onely to fraught this ship also with his phantasticall gold, as Captaine Smith rather desired to relade her with Cedar, (which was a present dispatch) then either with durt, or the hopes and reports of an vncertaine discovery, which he would performe when they had lesse charge and more leisure. [54]

But, The God of Heav'n, He eas'ly can Immortalize a mortall man,

With glory and with fame. The same God, ev'n as eas'ly may Afflict a mortall man, I say, With sorrow and with shame.

Whilst the conclusion was a resolving, this hapned.

Powhatan (to expresse his loue to Newport) when he Sample to departed, presented him with twentie Turkies, condi- seiuwords tionally to returne him twentie swords, which immediately |° T*8*" was sent him.

Now after his departure, he presented Captaine Smith

410 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [Anas Todkm.

[1608] with the like luggage, but not finding his humor obeyed

in not sending such weapons as he desired, he caused his

people with twentie devices to obtaine them. At last by

ambuscadoes at our very Ports [gates] they would take them

The perforce, surprise vs at worke, or any way ; which was so

welknSS long permitted, they become so insolent there was no rule :

the command from England was so strait not to offend

them, as our authoritie-bearers (keeping their houses)

would rather be any thing than peace-breakers.

IM 35-39.] This charitable humor prevailed, till well it chanced

smiths *ney mecUed with Captaine Smith, who without farther

attempt to deliberation gaue them such an incounter, as some he

tKafvages so hunted vp and downe the Isle, some he so terrified

insoieacies. wjth whipping, beating, and imprisonment ; as for revenge

they surprised two of ourforraging disorderly souldiers, and

having assembled their forces, boldly threatned at our

Ports to force Smith to redeliver seven Salvages, which

for their villanies he detained prisoners, or we were all

but dead men. But to try their furies he sallied out

amongst them, and in lesse then an houre, he so hampred

their insolencies, [that] they brought them his two men,

desiring peace without any further composition for their

prisoners. Those he examined, and caused them all

beleeue, by severall vollies of shot one of their companions

was shot to death, because they would not confesse their

intents and plotters of those villanies.

And thus they all agreed in one point, they were directed

Pmuhatans onely Dv Powhatan to obtaine him our weapons, to cut our

excuse. owne throats ; with the manner where, how, and when,

which we plainly found most true and apparant : yet he

sent his messengers, and his dearest daughter Pocahontas

[/>/. 38, 107.] [in May 1608] with presents to excuse him of the iniuries

done by some rashvntowardCaptaines his subiects, desiring

their liberties for this time, with the assurance of his loue

for ever.

After Smith had given the prisoners what correction he thought fit, vsed them well a day or two after, and then [/• »•] delivered them Pocahontas ; for whose sake onely he fayned to haue saued their Hues, and gaue them libertie.

The patient Councell that nothing would moue towarre with the Salvages, would gladly haue wrangled with

Ed. by w. simmonds.-j lib ^ w^ the fir st supply in Virginia. 411

Captaine Smith for his crueltie, yet none was slaine to any [1608] mans knowledge : but it brought them in such feare and obedience, as his very name would sufficiently affright them ; where before, wee had sometime peace and warre twice in a day, and very seldome a weeke but we had some trecherous villany or other.

The fraught of this Ship being concluded to be Cedar; j^f t with by the diligence of the Master, and Captaine Smith, Cedar, she was quickly reladed : Master Scrivener was neither idle nor slow to follow all things at the Fort ; the Ship being ready to set sayle, Captaine Martin being alwayes very sickly, and vnserviceable, and desirous to inioy the credit of his supposed Art of finding the golden Mine, was most willingly admitted to returne for England. For He hath not filVd his lapp, That still doth hold it oap.

From the writings of Thomas Studley and Anas TodkilL [55]

[As regards Studley, this must be an error, for he died on 28 Aug. \6o7,fi. lxxii.,and was succeeded for some time, as Cap-Merchant or Storekeeper, by Captain y. Smith, p. 9.]

Their Names that were landed in this Supply.

Mathew Scrivener appointed to be one of the Councell. Michaell Phittiplace. William Phittiplace. Ralph Morton. Richard Wyffing. Iohn Taverner. William Cantrell. Robert Barnes. Richard F ether stone. {-Gent. George Hill. George Pretty. Nathaniell Causy. Peter Pory. Robert Cutler. Michaell Sicklemore. William Bentley.

Thomas Coe. Doctor Russell. Jeffrey Abbot. Edward Gurgana. Richard W or ley. Timothy Leeds. Richard Killingbeck. William Spence. Richard Prodger. Richard Pots. Richard Mullinax. William Bayley. Francis Perkins. Iohn Harper. George Forest. Iohn Nichols. William Griuell.

-Gent.

1608.

Sir Thomas

Smith

Treasurer.

[Compare this List with the 1612 one, at />. 107-8.]

412

[1608]

The Discoveries and Accide?its, Lib. 3. ["

W. Ttusv*.

A. TodkiSl.

LT. Momford.

Raymond Goodison. William Simons. John Spearman. Richard Bristow. William Perce, lames Watkins. Iohn Bouth. Christopher Rods. Richard Burkct. lames Burre. Nicholas Ven. Francis Perkins. Richard Gradon. Rawland Nelstrop. Richard Savage. Thomas Savage. Richard Milm William May. Vere. Michaell. Bishop Wiles.

3 o

od

"f Apoth

ecanes.

Thomas Hope. William Ward. Iohn Powell. William Yong. William Beckwith. La[w]rence Towtales.

Thomas Field, Iohn Harford,

Dani: Stallings, Ieweller. Will: Dawson, a refiner. Abram Ransack, a refiner. Wil: lohnson, a. Goldsmith. Peter Keffer, a gunsmith. Rob: Alberton, a perfumer. Richard Belfield, a Goldsmith. Post Ginnat, a Chirurg[ion]. Iohn Lewes, a Cooper. Robert Cotton, a Tobacco- pipe-maker. Richard Dole, a Blacksmith

And divers others number of 120.

to the

1/ 109.1 CHAPTER V

The Accidents that hapned in the "Discovery of the Bay of Chisapeack.

He prodigalitie of the Presidents [Ratcliffe] state

went so deepe into our small store, that Smith

and Scrivener tyed him and his Parasites to the

rules of proportion. But now Smith being to

depart, the Presidents authoritie so overswayed the

discretion of Master Scrivener, that our store, our time, our

strength and labours were idely consumed to fulfill his

phantasies.

The second of Iune 1608. Smith left the Fort to performe his Discovery with this Company.

Ed. by W. Simmonds."] T TT> ~

l6l2-l624J ^^ 6'

with the first supply in Virginia. 413

J- Souldiers.

Walter Russell, Doctor of I onas Profit. \ .[1608]

Physicke. Anas Todkill.

Ralfe Murton. \ Robert Small.

Thomas Momford. lames Watkins.

William Cantrill. \ ^ . John Powell. Richard Fetherston. r ' lames Read,

lames Bume. Richard Keale.

Mich [a] ell Sicklemore. t

These being in an open Barge neare three tuns burthen.

Leaving the Phoenix at Cape Henry, they crossed the Bay to the Easterne shore, and fell with the Isles called Smiths Isles, after our Captaines name.

The first people we saw were two grim and stout Salvages vpon Cape Charles, with long poles like Iauelings, headed with bone, [56] they boldly demanded what we were, and what we would; but after many circumstances they seemed very kinde, and directed vs to Accomack, the habitation of their Werowance, where we were kindly intreated.

This King was the comliest, proper, civill Salvage we in- [A "°-i countred. His Country is a pleasant fertile clay soyle, some small creekes ; good Harbours for small Barks, but not for Ships. He told vs of a strange accident lately happened him, and it was, two children being dead; some extreame passions, or dreaming visions, phantasies, or affection moued ^^gj their parents againe to revisit their dead carkases, whose of Salvages benummed bodies reflected to the eyes of the beholders such delightfull countenances, as though they had regained their vitall spirits. This as a miracle drew many to behold them, all which, being a great part of his people, not long after dyed, and but few escaped.

They spake the language of Powhatan, wherein they made such descriptions of the Bay, Isles, and rivers, that often did vs exceeding pleasure.

Passing along the coast, searching every inlet, and Bay, fit for harbours and habitations. Seeing many Isles in the midst of the Bay we bore vp for them, but ere we could obtaine them, such an extreame gust of wind, rayne, thunder, and lightening happened, that with great danger we escaped the vnmercifull raging of that Ocean-like water. The highest land on the mayne, yet it was but low, we Russels called Keales hill, and these vninhabited Isles, Russels Isles. Isles-

414 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. f a!?3E5:

T ^ LT. Momford.

[1608] The next day searching them for fresh water, we could find

none, the defect whereof forced vsto follow the next Easterne

withcoc*. Channell, which brought vs to the river of Wighcocomoco.

m4K0' The people at first with great fury seemed to assault vs,

yet at last with songs and daunces and much mirth became

very tractable : but searching their habitations for water, we

could fill but three barricoes, and that such puddle, that

never till then we ever knew the want of good water. We

An «*"«22 digged and searched in many places, but before two daies

w^r? r s * were expired, we would haue refused two barricoes of gold

for one of that puddle water of Wighcocomoco.

Being past these Isles which are many in number, but all naught for habitation, falling with a high land vpon the mayne, we found a great Pond of fresh water, but so exceed- ing hot wee supposed it some bath ; that place we called poynt Ployer, in honor of that most honourable House of [/• 8a5] Mousay in Britaine, that in an extreame extremitie once relieued our Captaine.

From Wighcocomoco to this place, all the coast is low broken Isles of Morap, growne a myle or two in breadth, and ten ortwelue in length, good to cut for hay in Summer, and to catch fish and foule in Winter : but the Land beyond them is all covered over with wood, as is the rest of the Country. Being thus refreshed, in crossing ouer from the maine to other Isles we discouered, the winde and waters so much increased, with thunder, lightning, and raine, that our mast and sayle blew ouerbord and such mighty \p. us.] waues ouerracked vs in that small barge, that with great Their Barge labour we kept her from sinking by freeing out the water. Two dayes we were inforced to inhabite these vninhabited Isles ; which fqr the extremitie of gusts, thunder, raine, stormes, and ill wether we called Limbo.

Repairing our saile with our shirts, we set sayle for the maine and fell with a pretty convenient riuer on the East called Cuskarawaok ; the people ran as amazed in troups from place to place, and diuers got into the tops of trees. They were not sparing of their arrowes, nor [of] the greatest passion they could expresse of their anger. Long they shot, we still ryding at an Anchor without the[i]re reatch making all the signes of friendship we could. The next day they came vnarmed, with euery one a

neare sunke hi a gust.

Cuskara-

Ed.byw.simmonds.-| lib ^ witjt fa firsi supply in Virginia. 415

basket, dancing in a ring, to draw vs on shore : but seeing [1608] there was nothing in them but villany, we discharged a volly of muskets charged with pistoll shot ; whereat they all lay tumbling on the grownd, creeping some one way, some another into a great cluster of reedeshard by; where the[i]re companies lay in Ambuscado. Towards the euening we wayed, and approaching the shoare, discharging hue or six shot among the reedes. We landed where there lay a many of baskets and much bloud, but saw not a Salvage. A smoake appearing on the other side the riuer, we rowed thither, where we found two or three little houses, in each a fire ; there we left some peeces of copper, beads, bells, and looking glasses, and then went into the bay : but when it was darke we came backe againe.

Early in [57] the morning foure Salvages came to vs in their Canow, whom we vsed with such courtesie, not knowing what we were, nor had done, [they] hauing beene in the bay a fishing; [who] bade vs stay and ere long they would returne, which they did and some twentie more with them : with whom after a little conference, two or three thousand men women and children came clustring about vs, euery one presenting vs with something, which a little bead would so well requite, that we became such friends they would contend who should fetch vs water, stay with vs for hostage, conduct our men any whither, and giue vs the best content.

Here doth inhabite the people of Sarapinagh, Nause,Arseek, and Nantaquak the best Marchants of all other Salvages.

They much extolled a great nation called Massawomekes, in ™efirst search of whom we returned by Limbo : this riuer but onely the M*um at the entrance is very narrow, and the people of small W0ntek*' stature as them of Wightcocomoco, the Land but low, yet it may proue very commodious, because it is but a ridge of land betwixt the Bay and the maine Ocean. Finding this Easterne shore, [to be] shallow broken Isles, and for most part without fresh water; we passed by the straites of Limbo for the Westerne shore : so broad is the bay here, we could scarce perceiue the great high clifts on the other side : by them we Anchored that night and called them Riccards Cliftes.

30. leagues we sayled more Northwards not finding any inhabitants, leauing all the Easterne shore, lowe Islandes, but ouergrowne with wood, as all the Coast beyond

416 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [" aItS™!'."

LT. Momford.

[1608] them so farre as wee could see: the Westerne shore by which we sayled we found all along well watered, but very mountanous and barren, the vallies very fertill, but extreame thicke of small wood so well as trees, and much frequented with Wolues, Beares, Deere and other wild beasts. We passed many shallow creekes, but the first we

BoiusKmer. founcl Nauigable for a ship, we called Bolus, for that the clay in many places vnder the clifts by the high water marke, did grow vp in red and white knots as gum out of trees; and in some places so participated together as though they were all of one nature, excepting the coulour, the rest of the earth on both sides being hard sandy grauell, which made vs thinke it Bole-Armoniack and Terra sigillata.

When we first set sayle some of our Gallants doubted nothing but that our Captaine would make too much hast[e] home, but hauing lien in this small barge not aboue 12. or 14. dayes, oft tyred at the Oares, our bread spoyled with wet so much that it was rotten (yet so good were their stomacks that they could disgest it) they did with continuall com- plaints so importune him now to returne, as caused him bespeake them in this manner [about 14 June 1608]. Smiths Gentlemen if you would remember the memorable history of

SSd!lShls Sir Ralph Layne, how his company importuned him to proceed \p> 3M-] 1M the discovery of Moratico, alleadging they had yet a dog, that being boyled with Saxafras leaues, would richly feede them in their returnes ; then what a shame would it be for you (thai haue bin so suspitious of my tendernesse) to force me returne, with so much provision as we haue, and scarce able to say where \p. i".] we haue beetle, nor yet heard of that we were sent to seeke ? You cannot say but I haue shared with you in the worst which is past ; and for what is to come, of lodging, dyet, or whatso- euer, I am contented you allot the worst part to my selfe. As for your feares that I will lose my selfe in these vnknowne large waters, or be swallowed vp in some stormie gust; abandon these childish feares, for worse then is past is not likely to happen : and there is as much danger to returne as to proceede. Regaine therefore your old spirits, for returne I will not {if God please) till I haue seene the Massawomeks, found Patawomek, or the head of this water you conceit to be endlesse.

Ed.byw.simmonds.-j LlB. 3. with the first supply in Virginia. 417

Two or 3. dayes we expected [experienced] winde and wether, whose aduerse extremities added such discourage- ment, that three or foure fell sicke, whose pittifull complaints caused vs to to returne, leauing the bay some nine miles broad, at nine and ten fadome water.

The 16. of Iune [1608], we fell with the riuer Patowomek : fearejbeing gone, and our men recovered, we were all content to take some paines, to know the name of that seuen mile broad riuer. For thirtie myles sayle, we could see no inhabitants : then we were conducted by two Savages vp a little bayed creeke, towards Onawmanient, where all the woods were layd with ambuscado's to the number of three or foure thousand Salvages, so strangely paynted, grimed and disguised, shouting, yelling and crying [58] as so many spirits from hell could not haue shewed more terrible.

Many brauado's they made, but to appease their fury, our Captaine prepared with as seeming a willingnesse (as they) to incounter them. But the grazing of our bullets vpon the water (many being shot on purpose they might see them) with the Ecc[h]o of the woods so amazed them, as downe went their bowes and arrowes ; (and ex- changing hostage) lames Watkins was sent six myles vp the woods to their Kings habitation. We were kindly vsed of those Salvages, of whom we vnderstood, they were com- manded to betray vs, by the direction of Powhatan ; and he so directed from the discontents [discontented] at lames towne, because our Captaine did cause them stay in their country against their wills.

The like incounters we found at Patowomek, Cecocawonee and diuers other places : but at Moyaones, Nacotchtant and Toags the people did their best to content vs.

Hauing gone so high as we could with the bo[a]te, we met diuers Saluages in Canowes, well loaden with the flesh of Beares, Deere and other beasts; whereof we had part. Here we found mighty Rocks, growing in some places aboue the grownd as high as the shrubby trees, and diuers other solid quarries of diuers tinctures : and diuers places where the waters had falne from the high mountaines they had left a tinctured spangled skurfe, that made many bare places seeme as guilded. Digging the grown [d]e aboue in the highest clifts of rocks, we saw it was a claie sand so

27

[1608]

The dis- couery of Pata- womek.

Ambus- cadoes of Salvages.

A trecher- ous proiect

IP- "3-1

418 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [" a'.tSSu!

LT. Momford.

[1608] mingled with yeallow spangles as if it had beene halfe pindust.

In our returne inquiring still for this Matchqueon, the king of Patawomeke gaue vs guides to conduct vs vp a little riuer called Quiyough, vp which we rowed so high as we could [p. 424]. Leauing the bo[a]te ; with six shot and diuers Salvages, he marched seuen or eight myle before they came to the mine : leading his hostages in a small chaine they were to haue for their paines, being proud so richly to be adorned.

Amyndike The mine is a great Rocky mountaine like Antimony ;

Anthony. wnerein tnev digged a great hole with shells and hatchets : and hard by it, runneth a fayre brooke of Christal-like water, where they wash away the drosse and keepe the remainder, which they put in little baggs and sell it all ouerthe coun- try to paint the[i]re bodyes, faces, or Idols; which makes them looke like Blackmores dusted over with siluer. With so much as we could carry we returned to our bo[a]te, kindly requiting this kinde king and all his kinde people.

The cause of this discovery was to search [for] this mine, of which Newport did assure vs that those small baggs (we had giuen him), in England he had tryed to hold halfe siluer ; but all we got proued of no value : also to search what furrs, the best whereof is at Cuscarawaoke, where is made so much Rawranokc or white beads that occasion as much dissention among the Salvages, as gold and siluer amongst Christians ; and what other mineralls, riuers, rocks, nations, woods, fishings, fruites, victuall, and what other commodities the land afforded : and whether the bay were endlesse or how farre it extended. Of mines we were all ignorant, but a few Beuers, Otters, Beares, Martins and minkes [skins] we found, and in diuers places that aboundance of fish, lying so thicke with their heads aboue the water, as for want of nets (our barge driuing amongst them) we attempted to catch them with

Anaboun- a frying pan : but we found it a bad instrument to catch

d*nt plenty fish witn : neither better fish, more plenty, nor more variety for smal fish, had any of vs euerseene in anyplace so swimming in the water, but they are not to be caught with frying pans. Some small codd also we did see swim close by the shore by Smiths lies, and some as high as

Ed.byw.simmonds.-] lib 3. with the first supply in Virginia. 419

Riccards Clifts. And some we haue found dead vpon the [1608] shore.

To express all our quarrels, trecheries and incounters \p. n3.] amongst those Salvages I should be too tedious: but in Howto breefe, at all times we so incountred them, and curbed theLT-'1 their insolencies, that they concluded with presents to vages* purchase peace ; yet we lost not a man : at our first meet- ing our Captaine euer observed this order, to demand their bowes and arrowes, swordes, mantells and furrs, with some childe or two for hostage, whereby we could quickly perceiue, when they intended any villany.

Hauing finished this discouery (though our victuall was neere spent) he intended to see his imprisonment-acquaint- ances vpon the riuer of Rapahanock, by [59] many called Toppahanock, but our bo[a]te by reason of the ebbe, chansing to grownd vpon a many shoules lying in the entrances, we spyed many fishes lurking in the reedes : our Captaine sporting himselfe by nayling them to the grownd with his sword, set vs all a fishing in that manner : thus we tooke more in one houre then we could eate in a day.

But it chansed our Captaine taking a fish from his sword £A »*1 (not knowing her condition) being much of the fashion of §£3?™^ a Thornback, but a long tayle like a ryding rodde, whereon killc<* w"h the middest is a most poysoned sting, of two or three inches long, bearded like a saw on each side, which she strucke into the wrest of his arme neere an inch and a halfe : no bloud nor wound was seene, but a little blew spot, but the torment was instantly so extreame, that in foure houres had so swolen his hand, arme and shoulder, we all with much sorrow concluded [anticipated] his funerall, and prepared his graueinan Island by, as himselfe directed : yet it pleased God by a precious oyle Docter Russell at the first applyed to it when he sounded it with probe, (ere night) his tormenting paine was so well asswaged that he eate of the fish to his supper, which gaue no lesse ioy and content to vs then ease to himselfe. For which we called the Island Stingray Isle after the name of the fish.

Hauing neither Chirurgian nor Chirurgery but that pre- seruatiue oyle, we presently set sayles for lames towne, passing the mouthes of the riuers of Payankatank, and Pantavnkee, the next day we safely arriued at Kecougtan.

420 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [" ^;?Jdsskf1!

LT. Momford.

[1608] The simple Salvages seeing our Captaine hurt, and an

^e other bloudy by breaking his shinne, our numbers of bowes,

affrighted arrowes, swords, mantles, and furrs, would needes imagine ownetheir we had beene at warres (the truth of these accidents would suspition. not satisfie them) but impatiently importuned vs to know with whom. Finding their aptnesse to beleeue, we fayled not (as a great secret) to tell them any thing that might affright them, what spoyle we had got and made of the Massawomeks. This rumor went faster vp the river then our Barge, that arrived at Waraskoyack the 20 of Iuly ; where trimming her with painted streamers, and such de- vises as we could, we made them at lames towne iealous of a Spanish Frigot, where we all, God be thanked, safely arrived the 21 of Iuly.

Necdiesse There we found the last Supply were all sicke; the rest ™««a some lame, some bruised: all vnable to doe any thing towne. ku^ compiaine 0f the pride and vnreasonable needlesse crueltie of the silly President, that had riotously consumed the store : and to fulfill his follies about building him an vnnecessary building for his pleasure in the woods, had brought them all to that misery ; that had we not arrived, they had as strangely tormented him with revenge. [/. 115] But the good newes of our Discovery, and the good hope

we had by the Salvages relation, that our Bay had stretched into the South Sea, or somewhat neare it, appeased their fury; but conditionally that Rat[c]liffe should be deposed, and that Captaine Smith would take vpon him the govern- ment, as by course it did belong.

Their request being effected, he substituted Master Scrivener his deare friend in the Presidency, equally distributing those private provisions the other [Ratcliffe] had ingrossed, appointing more honest officers to assist master Scrivener (who then lay exceeding sicke of a Callenture) : and in regard of the weaknesse of the company, and heate of the yeare, they being vnable to worke, he left them to Hue at ease, to recover theii healths ; but imbarked himselfe to finish his Discovery.

Written by Walter Russell, Anas Todkill, and Thomas Mumford.

Ed. by w. sunmondsj lib# 3. with the fir st supply in Virginia. 421

CHAPTER VI.

The Government surrendred to Master Scrivener.

What happened the second Voyage in discovering the Bay.

§*|He 24 of Iuly [1608], CaptaineSwn^ set forward [1608] - to finish the discovery with twelue men : their [>. «6.j names were [60]

Souldiers.

Salvages

admire

fireworkes.

Nathaniell Powell. \ . Ionas Profit.

Thomas Momford. v Anas Todkill.

Richard Fetherston. I § Edward Pising.

Mich[a]ell Sicklemore. j+3 Richard Keale.

lames Bourne. <o lames Watkins.

Anthony B agnail, Chir. J® William Ward.

The wind being contrary, caused our stay two or three days at Kecoughtan : the King feasted vs with much mirth, his people were perswaded we went purposely to be revenged of the Massawomeks. In the evening we fired a The few rackets, which flying in the ayre so terrified the poore Salvages, they supposed nothing vnpossible we attempted ; and desired to assist vs.

The first night we anchored at Stingray Isle. The next day crossed Patawomeks river, and hasted to the river Bolus.

We went not much further before we might see the Bay to divide in two heads, and arriving there we found it divided in foure, all which we searched so farre as we could sayle them.

Two of them we found [vn]inhabited, but in crossing the Bay, we incountred 7 or 8 Canowes full of Massawomeks. [/. 117)

We seeing them prepare to assault vs, left our Oares and An incoun- made way with our sayle to incounter them, yet were we Jiie but fiue with our Captaine that could stand, for within 2 Softie dayes after we left Kecoughtan, the rest (being all of the last Bay. supply) were sicke almost to death, vntill they were seasoned to the Country. Having shut them vnder our Tarpawling, we put their hats vpon stickes by the Barges side, and

422 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. |~ njpSS

L A. TodkflL

[1608] betwixt two hats a man with two peeces, to make vs seeme many : and so we thinke the Indians supposed those hats to be men, for they fled with all possible speed to the shore, and there stayed, staring at the sayling of our barge till we anchored right against them.

Long it was ere we could draw them to come vnto vs. At last they sent two of their company vnarmed in a Canow, the rest all followed to second them if neede required. These two being but each presented with a bell, brought aboord all their fellowes, presenting our Captaine with venison, beares flesh, fish, bowes, arrowes, clubs, targets, and beares-skinnes.

We vndertood them nothing at all, but by signes, whereby they signified vnto vs they had beene at warres with the Tockwoghes, the which they confirmed by shewing vs their greene wounds.

But the night parting vs, we imagined they appointed the

next morning to meete; but after that we never saw them.

An Entring the river of Tockwogh, the Salvages all armed,

llthX" in a fleete of boats, after their barbarous manner, round

Tockwhoghs. invironeci us ; s0 it chanced one of them could speake the

language of Powhatan, who perswaded the rest to a friendly

parley. But when they saw vs furnished with the Massa-

womcks weapons, and we faining the invention of Kecoughtan,

to haue taken them perforce ; they conducted vs to their

pallizadoed towne, mantelled with the barkes of trees, with

scaffolds like mounts, brested about with brests very

formally. Their men, women, and children with daunces,

songs, fruits, furres, and what they had, kindly welcommed

vs, spreading mats for vs to sit on, [and] stretching their

best abilities to expresse their loues.

[/. us.] Many hatchets, kniues, peeces of iron, and brasse, we

Hatchets saw amongst them, which they reported to haue from the

s™f!«sa- Sasquesahanocks, a mightie people and mortall enemies with

hatwtkn. the Massawomeks.

The Sasquesahanocks inhabit vpon the chiefe Spring of these foure branches of the Bayes head, two dayes iourney higher then our barge could passe for rocks ; yet we prevailed with the Interpreter to take with him another Interpreter, to perswade the Sasquesahanocks to come visit vs, for their language[s] are different.

Ed.byw.simmonds.-j lib ^ w^ the first supply in Virginia. 423

Three or foure dayes we expected their returne, then [1608] sixtie of those gyant-like people came downe, with presents of Venison, Tobacco-pipes three foot in length, Baskets, Targets, Bowes and Arrowes. Fiue of their chiefe Wero- wances came boldly aboord vs to crosse the Bay for Tockwhogh, leaving their men and Canowes ; the wind being so high they durst not passe.

Our order was daily to haue Prayer, with a Psalme ; at which solemnitie the poore Salvages much wondred, our Prayers being done, a while they were busied with a con- sultation till they had contrived their businesse. Then they began in a most passionate [61] manner to hold vp their hands to the Sunne,with a most fearefull song, then imbrac- ing our Captaine, they began to adore him in like manner ; though he rebuked them, yet they proceeded till their song was finished!:1, which done [one] with a most strange furious action, and a hellish voyce, began an Oration of their loues.

That ended, with a great painted Beares skin they i^sasgue- covered him : then one ready with a great chayne of %b£ tf£e white Beads, weighing at least six or seaven pound, hung EneUtK- it about his necke, the others had 18 mantels, made of divers sorts of skinnes sowed together ; all these with many other toyes they layd at his feete, stroking their ceremonious hands about his necke for his Creation to be their Governour and Protector, promising their aydes, victualls, or what they had to be his, if he would stay with them, to defend and revenge them of the Massawomeks.

But we left them at Tockwhogh, sorrowing for our depar- ture ; yet we promised the next yeare againe to visit them.

Many descriptions and discourses they made vs, of A tquanachuck, Massawomek, and other people, signifying they \p. 119.] inhabit vpon a great water beyond the mountaines, which we vnderstood to be some great lake, or the river of Canada : and from the French to haue their hatchets and Commodities by trade. These know no more of the terri- tories of Powhatan, then his name, and he as little of them: but the Atquanachuks are on the Ocean Sea.

The highest mountaine we saw Northward wee called Perigrines mount, and a rocky river, where the Massa- womeks went vp, Willowbyes river, in honor of the towne our Captaine was borne in, and that honorable house the

424 [1608]

Pawtuxunt, R.

[>• "9-1

Rapaha- nock. R.

The

exceeding loue of the Salvage Motca.

itP- "9-4»9i 426.]

Our fijjht with the Rapaha- necks.

The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. |" nSKS

L A. Todlcill.

Lord Willowby, his most honored good friend. The Sasquesahanocks river we called SW//zsfalles; the next poynt to Tockwhogh, Pisings poynt ; the next [to] it poynt Bourne, Powells Isles and Smals poynt is by the river Bolus ; and the little Bay at the head Profits poole ; Watkins, Reads, and Momfords poynts are on each side Limbo ; Ward, Cantrell, and Sicklemore [points], betwixt Patawomek and Pamavnkee, after the names of the discoverers.

In all those places and the furthest we came vp the rivers, we cut in trees so many crosses as we would, and in many places made holes in trees, wherein we writ notes : and in some places crosses of brasse, to signifie to any, Englishmen had beene there.

Thus having sought all the inlets and rivers worth noting, we returned to discover the river of Pawtuxunt ; these people we found very tractable, and more civill then any: we promised them, as also the Patawomeks to revenge them of the Massawomeks, but our purposes were crossed.

In the discovery of this river [that] some call Rapahanock, we were kindly entertained by the people of Moraughtacund.

Here we incountered our old friend Mosco, a lusty Salvage of Wighcocomoco vpon the river of Patawomek. We supposed him some French mans sonne, because he had a thicke blacke bush beard, and the Salvages seldome haue any at all ; of which he was not a little proud, to see so many of his Countrymen. Wood and water he would fetch vs, guide vs any whether, nay, cause divers of his Countrymen helpe vs [to] towe against winde or tyde from place to place till we came to Patawomek : there he rested till we returned from the head of the river, and occasioned our conduct to the mine we supposed Antimony [p. 418].

And in the place he fayled not to doe vs all the good he could, perswading vs in any case not to goe to the Rapahanocks, for they would kill vs for being friends with the Moraught- acunds that but lately had stolne three of the Kings women.

This we did thinke was but that his friends might onely haue our trade : so we crossed the river to the Rapahanocks. There some 12 or 16 standingon the shore, directed vs [to] a little Creeke where was good landing, and Commodities for vs in three or foure Canowes we saw lie there : but according to our custome, we demanded to exchange a man in signe of

Ed.byw.sunmonds.-| lib< 3. w{th the first supply in Virginia. 425

loue ; which after they had a little consulted, foure or fiue [1608] came vp to the middles, to fetch our man, and leaue vs one of them, shewing we need not feare them, for they had neither clubs, bowes, nor arrowes. Notwithstanding, A nas Todkill, being sent on shore to see if he could discover any Ambuscadoes, or what they had, desired to goe over the playne to fetch some wood ; but they were vnwilling, except we would come into the Creeke, where the boat might come close ashore. Todkill by degrees [62] having got some two stones throwes vp the playne, perceived two or three hundred men (as he thought) behind the trees ; so that offering to returne to the Boat, the Salvages assayed to carry him away perforce, that he called to vs we were betrayed : and by that he had spoke the word, our hostage was over-boord, but Watkins his keeper slew him in the water. Immediatly we let fly amongst them, so that they fled, and Todkill escaped ; yet they shot so fast that he fell flat on the ground ere he could recover the boat.

Here the Massawomek Targets stood vs in good stead, for vpon Mosco's words, we had set them about the forepart of our Boat like a forecastle ; from whence we securely beat the Salvages from off the plaine without any hurt: yet they shot more then a thousand Arrowes, and then fled into the woods. Arming our selues with these light Targets (which are made of little small sticks woven betwixt strings of their hempe and silke grasse, as is our Cloth, but so firmely that no arrow can possibly pierce them :) we rescued Todkill ; who was all bloudy by [from] some of them who were shot by vs that held him, but as God pleased he had no hurt : and following them vp to the woods, we found some slaine, and in divers places much bloud. It seems all their arrowes were spent, for we heard no more of them.

Their Canows we tooke ; the arrowes we found we broke, saue them we kept for Mosco, to whom we gaue the Canowes for his kindnesse, that entertained vs in the best trivmphing manner, and warlike order in armes of conquest he could procure of the Moraughtacunds. The rest of the day we spent in accomodating our Boat, in stead of thoules wee made stickes like Bedstaues, to which we fastened so many of our Massawomek Targets, that invironed her as wa[i]st clothes.

426 [1608]

l/A "9. 4'9.

424-J

The

Salvages

disguised

like bushes

fight.

I/. 119.]

Our fight with the Mana- haacks.

The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. f^BpSJell

L A.Todkilll

The next morning we went vp the river, and our friend Mosco followed vs along the shore, and at last desired to goe with vs in our Boat. But as we passed by Pisacack, Matchopeak, and Mecuppom, three Townes situated vpon high white clay clifts ; the other side all a low playne marish, and the river there but narrow. Thirtie or fortie of the Rapahanocks had so accommodated themselues with branches, as we tooke them for little bushes growing among the sedge, till seeing their arrowes strike the Targets, and dropped in the river : whereat Mosco fell flat in the Boat on his face, crying the Rapahanocks, which presently we espied to be the bushes, which at our first volley fell downe in the sedge : when wee were neare halfe a myle from them, they shewed themselues dauncing and singing very merrily.

The Kings of Pissassack, Nandtaughtacund, and Cuttata- women, vsed vs kindly, and all their people neglected not any thing to Mosco to bring vs to them.

Betwixt Secobeck and Massawtcck is a small Isle or two, which causeth the river to be broader then ordinary; there it pleased God to take one of our Company called Master Fetherstone, that all the time he had beene in this Country, had behaved himselfe, honestly, valiantly, and industriously ; where in a little Bay we called Fetherstones Bay wee buryed him with a volley of shot : the rest notwithstanding their ill dyet, and bad lodging, crowded in so small a Barge, in so many dangers, never resting, but alwayes tossed to and againe, had all well recovered their healths.

The next day wee sayled so high as our Boat would float ; there setting vp crosses, and graving our names in the trees. Our Sentinell saw an arrow fall by him ; though we had ranged vp and downe more then an houre, in digging in the earth, looking of stones, herbs, and springs, not seeing where a Salvage could well hide himselfe.

Vpon the alarum, by that we had recovered our armes, there was about an hundred nimble Indians skipping from tree to tree, letting fly their arrows so fast as they could : the trees here served vs for Baricadoes as well as they. But Mosco did vs more service then we expected; for having shot away his quiver of Arrowes, he ran to the Boat for more. The Arrowes of Mosco at the first made them pause vpon the matter, thinking by his bruit and

Ed. by w. simmonds.j lib ^ w^ the first supply in Virginia. 427

skipping, there were many Salvages. About halfe an [1608] houre this continued, then they all vanished as suddainly as they approached. Mosco followed them so farre as he could see vs, till they were out of sight. As we returned a Salvage there lay a Salvage as dead, shot in the knee ; but taking j£enand him vp we found he had [63J life : which Mosco seeing, prisoner. never was Dog more furious against a Beare, then Mosco was to haue beat out his braines. So we had him to our Boat, where our Chirurgian [A . Bagnall] who went with vs to cure our Captaines hurt of the Stingray, so dressed this Salvage that within an houre after he looked somewhat chearefully, and did eate and speake. In the meane time we contented Mosco in helping him to gather vp their arrowes, which were an armefull ; whereof he gloried not a little.

Then we desired Mosco to know what he was, and what Countries were beyond the mountaines ; the poore Salvage mildly answered, he and all with him were of Hassininga, where there are three Kings more, like vnto them, namely the King of Stegora, the King of Tauxuntania, and the King of Shakahonea, that were come to Mohaskahod, which is onely a hunting Towne, and the bounds betwixt the Kingdome of the Mannahocks and the Nandtaughtacunds, but hard by where we were.

We demanded why they came in that manner to betray vs, that came to them in peace, and to seeke their loues ; he answered, they heard we were a people come from vnder the world, to take their world from them.

We asked him how many worlds he did know, he replyed, he knew no more but that which was vnder the skie that covered him, which were the Powhatans, with His relation the Monacans and the Massawomeks that were higher vp countries. in the mountaines.

Then we asked him what was beyond the mountaines, he answered the Sunne : but of any thing els he knew nothing ; ^because the woods were not burnt. • They

These and many such questions wee demanded, concern- SSSibut ing the Massawomeks, the Monacans, their owne Country, ^dslre and where were the Kings of Stegora, Tauxsintania, and burnt, the rest. The Monacans he sayd were their neighbours and friends, and did dwell as they in the hilly Countries by small rivers, liuing vpon rootes and fruits, but chiefly

428 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. ["VpSS

L A. TodkilL

[1608] by hunting. The Massawomeks did dwell vpon a great water, and had many boats, and so many men that they made warre with all the world. For their Kings, they were gone every one a severall way with their men on hunting. But those with him came thither a fishing till they saw vs, notwithstanding they would be al[l] together at night at Mahaskahod.

For his relation we gaue him many toyes, with per- swasions to goe with vs : and he as earnestly desired vs to stay the comming of those Kings that for his good vsage should be friends with vs, for he was brother to Hassininga. But Mosco advised vs presently to be gone, for they were all naught ; yet we told him we would not till it was night. All things we made ready to entertain what came, and Mosco was as diligent in trimming his arrowes.

The night being come we all imbarked; for the riuer was so narrow, had it beene light the land on the one side was so high, they might haue done vs exceeding much mischiefe. All this while the K[ing], of Hassininga was seeking the rest, and had consultation a good time what to doe. But by their espies seeing we were gone, it was not long before we heard their arrowes dropping on every side the Boat ; we caused our Salvages to call vnto them, but such a yelling and hallowing they made that they heard nothing, but now and then [we shot off] a peece, ayming so neare as we could where we heard the most voyces. More then 12 myles they followed vs in this manner ; then the day appearing, we found our selues in a broad Bay, out of danger of their shot, where wee came to an anchor, and fell to breakfast. Not so much as speaking to them till the Sunne was risen.

Being well refreshed, we vntyed our Targets that couered vs as a Deck, and all shewed our selues with those shields on our armes, and swords in ourhands, and also our prisoner Amoroleck. A long discourse there was betwixt his Coun- trimen and him, how good wee were, how well wee vsed him, how wee had a Patawomek with vs, [who] loued vs as his life, that would haue slaine him had we not preserued him, and that he should haue his libertie would they be but friends; and to doe vs any hurt it was impossible.

Ed. by w. simmonds.-j lib. ^ wjf£ the first supply in Virginia. 429

Vpon this they all hung their Bowes and Quivers vpon [1608] the trees, and one came swimming aboord vs with a Bow How we tyed on his head, and another with a Quiver of Arrowes, JS^Sh which they deliuered our Captaine as a present : the Cap- Jjjk^ taine hauing vsed them so kindly as he could, told them Monahoke. the other three Kings should doe the like, and then the great King of our world should be their friend ; whose men we were. It was no sooner demanded but performed, so [64] vpon a low Moorish poynt of Land we went to the shore, where those foure Kings came and receiued Amoroleck : nothing they had but Bowes, Arrowes, Tobacco- bags, and Pipes : what we desired, none refused to giue vs, wondering at every thing we had, and heard we had done : our Pistols they tooke for pipes, which they much desired, but we did content them with other Commodities. And so we left foure or flue hundred of our merry Mannahocks, singing, dauncing, and making merry, and set sayle for Moraughtacund.

In our returnes we visited all our friends, that reioyced J^J* much at our Victory against the Mannahocks, who many frj«ids with times had Warres also with them, but now they were wf' friends; and desired we would be friends with the Rapa- hanocks, as we were with the Mannahocks. Our Captaine told them, they had twise assaulted him that came onely in loue to doe them good, and therefore he would now burne all their houses, destroy their corne, and for euer hold them his enemies, till they made him satisfaction. They desired to know what that should be. He told them they should present him the Kings Bow and Arrowes, and not offer to come armed where he was ; that they should be friends with the Moraughtacunds his friends and giue him their Kings sonne in pledge to performe it ; and then all King lames his men should be their friends. Vpon this they presently sent to the Rapahanocks to meete him at the place where they first fought, where would be the Kings of Nantautacund and Pissassac : which according to their promise were there so soone as we ; where Rapaha- nock presented his Bow and Arrowes, and confirmed all we desired, except his sonne, having no more but him he could not Hue without him, but in stead of his sonne he would giue him the three women Moraughtacund had

430 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. f n jSw*!k

L A. Todkill.

[1608] stolne. This was accepted : and so in three or foure Canowes, so many as could went with vs to Moraughtacund, where Mosco made them such relations, and gaue to his friends so many Bowes and Arrowes, that they no lesse loued him then admired vs. The 3 women were brought our Captaine, to each he gaue a chayne of Beads : and then causing Moraughtacund, Mosco, and Rapahanock stand before him, bid Rapahanock take her he loued best, and Moraughtacund chuse next, and to Mosco he gaue the third. Vpon this, away went their Canowes over the water, to fetch their venison, and all the provision they could; and they that wanted Boats swam over the river. The darke [darkness] commanded vs then to rest.

The next day there was of men, women, and children, as we coniectured, six or seauen hundred, dauncing, and singing ; and not a Bow nor Arrow seene amongst them. Mosco changed his name Vttasantasough, which we interpret Stranger, for so they call vs. All promising ever to be our friends, and to plant Corne purposely for vs ; and we to provide hatchets, beads, and copper for them, we departed : giuing them a Volley of shot, and they vs as loud shouts and cryes as their strengths could vtter. The That night we anchored in the river of Payankatank, and

PasaZZ0* discovered it so high as it was navigable ; but the people were most[ly] a hunting, saue a few old men, women, and children, that were tending their corne : of which they promised vs part when we would fetch it, as had done all the Nations where ever we had yet beene.

In a fayre calme, rowing towards poynt Comfort, we anchored in Gosnolls Bay, but such a suddaine gust sur- prised vs in the night with thunder and rayne, that we never thought more to haue seene lames Towne. Yet running before the wind, we sometimes saw the Land by the flashes of fire from heaven, by which light onely we kept from the splitting shore, vntill it pleased God in that blacke darknesse to preserue vs by that light to finde poynt Comfort. There refreshing our selues, because we had onely but heard of the Chisapeacks and Nandsamunds, we thought it as fit to know all our neighbours neare home, as so many Nations abroad. So setting sayle for the Southerne shore, we sayled vp a narrow river vp the

tank. (A «9.]

Ed. by w. simmonds."] LlB. ^ wM the first supply in Virginia. 43 1

country of Chisapeack ; it hath a good channell, but many [1608] shoules about the entrance. By that we had sayled six or seauen myles, we saw two or three little garden plots with their houses, the shores overgrowne with the greatest Pyne and Firre trees wee ever saw in the Country. But not seeing nor hearing any people, and the riuer very narrow, we returned to the great riuer, to see if we could finde any of them. Coasting [65] the shore towards Nandsamund, which is most[ly] Oyster-bankes ; at the mouth of that riuer, we espied six or seauen Salvages making their wires [weirs] , who presently fled : ashore we went, and where they wrought we threw diuers toyes, and so departed. Farre we were not gone ere they came againe, and began to sing, and daunce, and recall vs : and thus we began our first acquaintance. At last one of them desired vs to goe to his house vp that riuer ; into our Boat voluntarily he came, the rest ran after vs by the shore with all shew of loue that could be. Seauen or eight myles we sayled vp this narrow riuer : at last on the Westerne shore we saw large Cornefields, in the midst a little Isle, and in it was abundance of Corne. The people he told vs were all a hunting, but in the Isle was his house, to which he inuited vs with much kindnesse : to him, his wife, and children, we gaue such things as they seemed much con- tented them. The others being come, desired vs also to goe but a little higher to see their houses : here our host left vs, the rest rowed by vs in a Canow, till we were so far past the Isle the riuer became very narrow.

Here we desired some of them to come abord vs, wherat ^S!*f pausing a little, they told vs they would but fetch their bows the hand. and arrowes and goe all with vs : but being a shore and thus armed, they perswaded vs to goe forward, but we could neither perswade them into their Canow, nor into our Boat. This gaue vs cause to prouide for the worst. Farre we went not ere seauen or eight Canowes full of men armed appeared following vs, staying to see the conclusion. Presently from each side the riuer came arrowes so fast Jj^fj!1 as two or three hundred could shoot them, whereat we chhapcacks returned to get the open. They in the Canowes let fly also w,««w*. * as fast ; but amongst them we bestowed so many shot ; the most of them leaped overboord and swam ashore, but two

432 [1608]

The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3.

C

How they

became

friends.

The

proceeding at lames Towne.

[/. iao.]

A. Bagnall. N. Powell. A. Todkill.

or three escaped by rowing. Being against their playnes: our Muskets they found shot further then their Bowes, for wee made not twentie shot ere they all retyred behind the next trees. Being thus got out of their trap, we seised on all their Canowes, and moored them in the midst of the open. More then an hundred arrowes stucke in our Targets, and about the boat ; yet none hurt, onely Anthony Bagnall was shot in his Hat, and another in his sleeue. But seeing their multitudes, and suspecting as it was, that both the Nandsamunds, and the Chisapeacks were together ; we thought it best to ryde by their Canowes a while, to bethinke if it were better to burne all in the Isle, or draw them to composition till we were prouided to take all they had, which was sufficient to feed all our Colony : but to burne the Isle at night it was concluded.

In the interim we began to cut in peeces their Canowes, and they presently to lay downe their bowes, making signes of peace. Peace we told them we would accept it, would they bring vs their Kings bowes and arrowes, with a chayne of pearle ; and when we came againe giue vs foure hundred baskets full of Corne : otherwise we would breake all their boats, and burne their houses, and corne, and all they had. To performe all this they alledged onely the want of a Canow ; so we put one a drift and bad them swim to fetch her : and till they performed their promise, wee would but onely breake their Canowes. They cryed to vs to doe no more, all should be as we would : which presently they performed. Away went their bowes and arrowes, and tagge and ragge came with their baskets : so much as we could carry we tooke, and so departing good friends, we returned to lames Towne, where we safely arrived the 7. of September, 1608.

There we found Master Scrivener, and divers others well recovered : many dead ; some sicke : the late President [Ratcliffe] [a] prisoner for mutiny: by the honest diligence of Master Scrivener, the haruest gathered ; but the provision in the store much spoyled with rayne.

Thus was that summer (when little wanted) consumed and spent, and nothing done (such was the gouern- ment of Captaine Rat[c]liffe) but onely this discovery; wherein to expresse all the dangers, accidents, and in-

Ed.byw.siTnmonds.-j lib# 3 w^ fa sec0nd supply in Virginia. 433

counters this small number passed in that small Barge, [1608] by the scale of proportion, about three thousand myles, with such watery dyet in those great waters and barbarous Countries (till then to any Christian vtterly vnknowne) I rather referre their merit to the censure of the courteous and experienced Reader, then I would be tedious or partiall being a partie. [66J

But to this place to come who will adventure,

with incitements guide and reason how to enter :

Finds in this worlds broad sea, with winde and tyde,

Titer's safer sayle then any where beside.

But 'cause to wanton novices it is

A Province full of fearefulnesse I wiss ;

Into the great vast deepe to venter out :

Those shallow rivers let them coast about.

And by a small Boat learne there first, and marke,

How they may come to make a greater Barke.

Written by Anthony Bagnal/, Nathanaell Powell, and Anas Todkill.

CHAPTER VII. [>.».«.)

The Presidency surrendred to Captaine Smith : the

A rrivall and rehwne of the second Supply. A nd

what happened.

He tenth of September, by the Election of the Councell, and request of the Company, Cap- taine Smith receiued the Letters Patents : which till then by no meanes he would accept, though he was often importuned therevnto.

Now the building of Rat[c]lijfcs Pallace stayed, as a thing needlesse ; the Church was repaired ; the Store-house re- couered; buildings prepared for the Supplyes we expected; the Fort reduced to a hue-square forme ; the order of the Watch renewed ; the squadrons (each setting of the Watch) trained ; the whole Company euery Saturday

28

434 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lin. 3. [w. phLK\JT^kii

[1608]

Pcnuhatant scorne when his court esie was most deserved.

[p. I22-]

No better way to overthrow the busines then by our instructors.

exercised, in the plaine by the west Bulvvarke, prepared for that purpose, we called Smithfield : where sometimes more then an hundred Salvages would stand in an amaze- ment to behold, how a fyle would batter a tree, where he would make them a marke to shoot at ; the boats trimmed for trade, which being sent out with Lieutenant Percy, in their Iourney incountred [? Oct. 1608] the second Supply, that brought them backe to discover the Country olMonacan.

How or why Captaine Newport obtained such a private Commission, as not to returne without a lumpe of gold, a certaintie of the South sea, or one of the lost company sent out by Sir Walter Raleigh, I know not ; nor why he brought such a flue peeced Barge, not to beare vs to that South sea, till we had borne her over the mountaines, which how farre they extend is yet vnknowne.

As for the Coronation of Powhatan, and his presents of Bason and Ewer, Bed, Bedstead, Clothes, and such costly nouelties, they had beene much better well spared then so ill spent, for wee had his favour much better onely for a playne peece of Copper, till this stately kinde of solicit- ing, made him so much overvalue himselfe, that he respected vs as much as nothing at all.

As for the hyring of the Poles and Dutch men, to make Pitch, Tar, Glasse, Milles, and Sope ashes, when the Country is replenished with people, and necessaries, would haue done well : but to send them and seauentie more without victualls to worke, was not so well aduised nor considered of, as it should haue beene. Yet this could not haue hurt vs had they beene 200. though then we were 130 that wanted for our selues. For we had the Salvages in that decorum (their harvest being newly gathered) that we feared not to get victuals for 500.

Now was there no way to make vs miserable, but to neg- lect that time to make prouision whilst it was to be had, the which was done by the direction from England to performe this strange discovery, but a more strange Coronation, to loose that time, spend that victualls we had, tyre and starue our men, hauing no meanes to carry victuals, muni- tion, the hurt or sicke, but on their owne backes. How or by whom they were inuented I know not.

But Captaine AT£i£$ort we onely accounted the Author, who

Ed.byw simmonds] LlB ^ w^ ffo seC0nd supply in Virginia. 435

to effect these proiects, had so guilded mens hopes with [1608] great promises, that both Company and Councell concluded his resolution [67] for the most part. God doth know they little knew what they did, nor vnderstood their owne estates to conclude his conclusions, against all the incon- veniences the foreseeing President [Smith] alledged.

Of this Supply there was added to the Councell, one Cap- a consult*- taine Richard Waldo, and Captaine Wynne, two auncient a\iIth!!rhere Souldiers, and valiant Gentlemen ; but yet ignorant of the £°u ™^mst busines, (being but newly arriued.) Rat[c]liffe was also thePresi- " permitted to haue his voyce, and Master Scrivener, desirous to see strange Countries : so that although Smith was President, yet the Maior part of the Councell had the authoritie, and ruled it as they listed.

As for clearing Smiths obiections, how Pitch and Tarre, Wainscot, Clapbord, Glasse, and Sope ashes, could be provided, to relade the ship : or provision got to Hue withall, when none was in the Country; and that we had, spent, before the ship departed to effect these projects. The answer was, Captaine Newport vndertooke to fraught the Pinnace of twentie tunnes with Corne in going and return- ing in his Discovery, and to refraught her againe from [/»• i«3-i W erowocomoco of Powhatan. Also promising a great pro- portion of victualls from the Ship ; inferring that Smiths propositions were onely devices to hinder his iourney, to effect it himselfe ; and that the crueltie he had vsed to the Salvages might well be the occasion to hinder these Designes, and seeke revenge on him. For which taxation, all workes were left, and 120 chosen men were appointed for Newports guard in this Discovery.

But Captaine Smith to make cleare all those seeming suspitions, that the Salvages were not so desperate as was pretended by Captaine Newport, and how willing (since by their authoritie they would haue it so) he was to assist them what he could, because the Coronation would consume much time, he vndertooke himselfe their message to Powhatan, to intreat him to come to lames Towne to receiue his presents. tain

And where Newport durst not goe with lesse then 120. smifi^ he onely tooke with him Captaine Waldo, Master Andrew s°£hw,th

436 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [

R. Wyfhn, J. Abbot. W. Thittiplace, A.Todkill.

[1608]

Pmvhatan, when Newport feared with

A Virginia Masko.

[>• "4-1

Tht

W'omens entertaine- ment.

Buckler, Edward Brintofi, and Samuel Collier: with these foure he went over land to Werowocomoco, some 12 myles; there he passed the river of Pamavnhce in a Salvage Canow.

Powhatan being 30 myles of[f], was presently sent for : in the meane time, Pocahontas and her women entertained Captaine Smith in this manner.

In a fayre plaine field they made a fire, before which, he sitting vpon a mat, suddainly amongst the woods was heard such a hydeous noise and shreeking, that the [five] English betooke themselues to their armes, and seized on two or three old men by them, supposing Powhatan with all his power was come to surprise them. But presently Pocahontas came, willing him to kill her if any hurt were intended ; and the beholders, which were men, women, and children, satisfied the Captaine there was no such matter.

Then presently they were presented with this anticke ; thirtie young women came naked out of the woods, onely covered behind and before with a few greene leaues, their bodies all painted, some of one colour, some of another, but all differing, their leader [? Pocahontas] had a fayre payre of Bucks homes on her head, and an Otters skinne at her girdle, and another at her arme, a quiver of arrowes at her backe, a bow and arrowes in her hand ; the next had in her hand a sword, another a club, another a pot-sticke ; all horned alike : the rest every one with their severall devises.

These fiends with most hellish shouts and cryes, rushing from among the trees, cast themselues in a ring about the fire, singing and dauncing with most excellent ill varietie, oft falling into their infernall passions, and solemnly againe to sing and daunce ; having spent neare an houre in this Mascarado, as they entred, in like manner they departed.

Having reaccommodated themselues, they solemnly in- vited him to their lodgings, where he was no sooner within the house, but all these Nymphes more tormented him then ever, with crowding, pressing, and hanging about him, most tediously crying, Loue you not me ? loue you not me ?

This saluaticn ended, the feast was set, consisting of all the Salvage dainties they could devise : some attending, others singing and dauncing about them ; which mirth being ended, with fire-brands in stead of Torches they conducted him to his lodging.

Ed. by w. simmonds.-j jlB^ ^ w^jt fju second supply in Virginia. 437

Thus did they shew their feats of amies, and others art in [1608]

dauncing : Some other vs'd there oaten pipe, and others voyces chanting. [68]

The next day came Powhatan. Smith delivered his §SJ"e message of the presents sent him, and redelivered him message. Namontack he had sent for England ; desiring him to come to his Father Newport, to accept those presents, and conclude their revenge against the Monacans.

Wherevnto this subtile Savage thus replied.

If your King haue sent me Presents, I also am a King, and ^™J*tanl this is my land : eight dayes I will stay to receiue them. Your Father is to come to me, not I to him, nor yet to your Fort, neither will I bite at such a bait : as for the Monacans I can revenge my owne iniuries, and as for Atquanachuk, where you say your brother was slaine, it is a contrary way from those parts you suppose it; but for any salt water beyond the moun- taines, the Relations you haue had from my people are false.

Wherevpon he began to draw plots vpon the ground (according to his discourse) of all those Regions.

Many other discourses they had (yet both content to giue each other content in complementall Courtesies) and so Captaine Smith returned with this Answer.

Vpon this, the Presents were sent by water which is £S£§£ neare an hundred myles, and the Captains went by land [/• «s.) with fiftie good shot.

All being met at Werowocomoco, the next day was appointed for his Coronation, then the presents were brought him, his Bason and Ewer, Bed and furniture set vp, his scarlet Cloke and apparell with much adoe put on him, being perswaded by Namontack they would not hurt him : but a foule trouble there was to make him kneele to receiue his Crowne, he neither knowing the maiesty nor meaning of a Crowne, nor bending of the knee, endured so many perswasions, examples, and instructions, as tyred them all ; at last by leaning hard on his shoulders, he a little stooped, and three having the crowne in their hands put it on his head, when by the warning of a Pistoll the Boats were prepared with such a volley of shot, that the King start vp in a horrible feare, till he saw all was well. Then remembring himselfe, to

438 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [w. n8*EWi£88:

[1608] congratulate their kindnesse, he gaue his old shooes and his mantell to Captaine Newport.

But perceiving his purpose was to discover the Monacans, helaboured to divert his resolution, refusing to lend him either men or guides more then Namontack; and so after some small complementall kindnesse on both sides, in requitall of his presents he presented Newport with a heape of wheat eares that might containe some 7 or 8 Bushels, and as much more we bought in theTowne: wherewith we returned to the Fort.

The The Ship having disburdened her selfe of 70 persons,

SmSS0*" with the first Gentlewoman and woman-seruant that arrived in our Colony. Captaine Newport with 120 chosen men, led by Captaine Waldo, Lieutenant Percie, Captaine Winne, Master West, and Master Scrivener, set forward for the discovery of Monacan, leaving the President at the Fort with about 80. or 90. (such as they were) to relade the Ship. Arriving at the Falles,we marched by land somefortie myles in two dayes and a halfe; and so returned downe the same path we went. Two townes we discovered of the Monacans, called Massinacak and Mowhemenchonch ; the people neither vsed vs well nor ill, yet for our securitie we tooke one of their petty Kings, and led him bound to conduct vs the way. And in our returnes [we] searched many places we sup- posed Mines, about which we spent some time in refyning, having one William Colli cut, a refyner fitted for that pur- [/. i«6.] pose. From that crust of earth we digged, he perswaded vs to beleeue he extracted some small quantitie of silver; and (not vnlikely) better stuffe might be had for the digging. With this poore tryall, being contented to leaue this fayre, fertile, well watered Country ; and comming to the Falles, the Salvages fayned there were divers ships come into the How the Bay, to kill them at lames Towne. Trade they would ddudf? not, and finde their Corne we could not ; for they had hid mEJIS. it in the woods: and being thus deluded, we arrived at lames Towne, halfe sicke, all complaining, and tyred with toyle, famine, and discontent, to haue onely but discovered our guilded hopes, and such fruitlesse certainties, as Captaine Smith fortold vs.

But those that hunger seeke to slake, Which thus abounding wealth would rake :

Ed. by w. simmonds.-j lib ^ w^ fa second supply in Virginia. 439

Not all the gemmes of Ister shore, [1608]

Nor all the gold of Lydia's store, [69] Can fill their greedie appetite ; It is a thing so infinite.

No sooner were we landed, but the President dispersed so many as were able, some for Glasse, others for Tarre, Pitch, and Sope-ashes, leauing them with the Fort to the Councels oversight.

But 30 of vs he conducted downe the river some 5 myles from lames towne, to learne to make Clapbord, cut downe trees, and lye in woods. Amongst the rest he had chosen Gabriel Beadle, and Iohn Russell, the onely two gallants of this last Supply, and both proper Gen- tlemen. Strange were these pleasures to their condi- tions ; yet lodging, eating, and drinking, working or playing, they but doing as the President did himselfe. All these things were carried so pleasantly as within a weeke they became Masters : making it their delight to heare the trees thunder as they fell ; but the Axes so oft blistered their tender fingers, that many times every third blow had a loud othe to drowne the eccho ; for remedie of which sinne, the President devised how to haue every Apunish- mans othes numbred, and at night for every othe to haue wearing. a Cann of water powred downe his sleeue, with which every offender was so washed (himselfe and all) that a man should scarce heare an othe in a weeke.

For he who scornes and makes but tests of cursings, and his

othe, He doth contemne, not man but God ; nor God, nor man, but

both.

By this, let no man thinke that the President and these Gentlemen spent their times as common Wood haggers at felling of trees, or such other like labours ; or that they were pressed to it as hirelings, or common slaues ; for what they did, after they were but once a little invred, it seemed and some conceited it, onely as a pleasure and recreation : yet 30 or 40 of such voluntary Gentleman would doe more \j. 1*7.] in a day then 100 of the rest that must be prest to it by sM^Mea compulsion ; but twentie good workemen had beene better theJTioo. then them all.

44-0 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib.

n r R. Wyffin, J. Abbot.

6' |_W. Phittiplace, A. TodkiU.

[1608]

The Chkka- hamania's forced to contribution.

A bad reward for well-doing.

A good Taverne in Virginia.

Master Scrivener, Captaine Waldo, and Captaine Winne at the Fort, every one in like manner carefully regarded their charge. The President returning from amongst the woods, seeing the time consumed and no provision gotten, (and the Ship lay idle at a great charge and did nothing) presently imbarked himselfe in the discovery barge, giving order to the Councell to send Lieutenant Percie after him with the next barge that arrived at the Fort ; two Barges he had himselfe and 18 men, but arriving at Chickahamania, that dogged Nation was too well acquainted with our wants, refusing to trade, with as much scorne and inso- lency as they could expresse. The President perceiuing it was Powhatans policy to starue vs, told them he came not so much for their Come, as to revenge his imprison- ment, and the death of his men murthered by them ; and so landing his men and readie to charge them, they im- mediately fled : and presently after sent their Ambassadors with corne, fish, foule, and what they had to make their peace ; (their Corne being that yeare but bad) they com- plained extreamely of their owne wants, yet fraughted our Boats with an hundred Bushels of Corne, and in like manner Lieutenant Percies that not long after arrived, and having done the best they could to content vs, we parted good friends, and returned to lames towne.

Though this much contented the Company (that feared nothing more then starving), yet some so envied his good successe, that they rather desired to hazzard a starving, then his paines should proue so much more effectuall then theirs. Some proiects there were invented by Newport and Rat[c]liffe, not onely to haue deposed him, but to haue kept him out of the Fort ; for that being President, he would leaue his place and the Fort without their consents : but their homes were so much too short to effect it, as they themselues more narrowly escaped a greater mischiefe.

All this time our old Taverne made as much of all them that had either money or ware as could be desired : by this time they were become so perfect on all sides (I meane the souldiers, saylers, and Salvages) as there was tenne times more care to maintaine their damnable and private trade, then to provide for the Colony things [70]

Ed.byw.stomonds.-j lib ^ wftfo fa second supply in Virginia. 441

that were necessary. Neither was it a small policy in [1608] Newport and the Marriners to report in England we had such [/. 128.] plentie, and bring vs so many men without victuals, when ^bad trade they had so many private Factors in the Fort, that within masters and six or seauen weeks, of two or three hundred Axes, Chissels, saylers' Hows, and Pick-axes, scarce twentie could be found : and for Pike-heads, shot, Powder, or any thing they could steale from their fellowes, was vendible; they knew as well (and as secretly) how to convey them to trade with the Salvages for Furres, Baskets, Mussaneeks, young Beasts, or such like Commodities, as exchange them with the Saylers for Butter, Cheese, Beefe, Porke, Aqua vitce, Beere, Bisket, Oatmeale, and Oyle : and then fayne all was sent them from their friends. And though Virginia affoorded no Furres for the Store, yet one Master in one voyage hath got so many by this indirect meanes, as he confessed to haue scld in England for 30/.

Those are the S: int-seeming Worthies of Virgina (that haue notwithstanding all this, meate, drinke, and wages) ; but now they begin to grow weary, their trade being both perceived and prevented.

None hath beene in Virginia, that hath observed anything, which knowes not this to be true : and yet the losse, the scorne, the misery, and shame, was the poore Officers, Gen- tlemen, and carelesse Governours, who were all thus bought and sold ; the adventurers cousened, and the action over- throwne by their false excuses, informations, and directions. By this let all men iudge, how this businesse could prosper, being thus abused by such pilfring occasions. And had not Captaine Newport cryed Peccavi, the President would haue discharged the ship, and caused him to haue stayed one yeare in Virginia,to learne to speake of his owne experience.

Master Scrivener was sent with the Barges and Pinnace Master to Werowocomoco, where he found the Salvages more voyageta* readie to fight then trade : but his vigilancy was such as ZZ™°'* prevented their proiects, and by the meanes of Namontack, [he] got three or foure hogsheads of Corne ; and as much Pocones, which is a red roote, which then was esteemed an excellent Dye.

Captaine Newport being dispatched, with the tryals of Pitch, Tarre, Glasse, Frankincense, Sope ashes ; with

442 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [J-t!

Smith. 1608.

[1608] that Clapboord and Waynscot that could be provided \p. 129.] met with Master Scrivener at poynt Comfort, and so re- turned for England, We remaining were about two hundred.

1" The Copy of a Letter sent to the Treasurer and

Councell of Virginia from Captaine Smith, then

President in V 1 r g i n i a .

Right Honorable, &c.

Received your Letter, wherein you write, that our minds are so set vpon faction, and idle conceits in diuiding the Country without your consents, and that we feed You but with ifs and ands, hopes, and some few proof es ; as if we would keepe the mystery of the businesse to our selues : and that we must expresly follow your instructions sent by Captaine Newport : the charge of whose voyage amounts to neare two thousand pounds, the which \p. 928.] if we cannot defray by the Ships returne, we are like to remain as banished men. To these particulars I humbly intreat your Pardons if I offend you with my rude A nswer.

For our factions, vnlesse you would haue me run away and leaue the Country, I cannot prevent them : because I do make many stay that would els fly any whether. For the idle Letter sent [?by Captain Newport's ship in April 1608, p. 389] to my Lord of Salisbury, by the President [Ratcliffe] and his confe- derals, for diuiding the Country &c. What it was I know not, for you saw no hand [71] of mine to it ; nor euer dream't I of any such matter. That we feed you with hopes, &c. Though I be no scholer, I am past a schoole-boy ; and I desire but to know, what either you, and these here, doe know but that I haue learned to tell you by the continuall hazard of my life. I haue not concealed from you any thing I know ; but I feare some cause you to beleeue much more then is true.

Expresly to follow your directions by CaptaineNewport, though they be performed, I was directly against it ; but according to our Commission, I was content to be overruled by the maior part of the Councell, I feare to the hazard of vs all ; which now is generally confessed when it is too late. Onely Captaine

Ed* byjuiy TeSG ^IB- 3- W7'^ ^e second supply in Virginia. 443

Winne and Captaine Waldo / haue sworne of the Councell, [1608] and Crowned Powhatan according to your instructions.

Forjhe charge of this Voyage of two or three thousand pounds, we haue not receiued the value of an hundred pounds. And for the quartred Boat to be borne by the Souldiers over the Falles, Newport had 120 of the best men he could chuse. If he had burnt her to ashes, one might haue carried her in a bag ; but as she is, flue hundred cannot, to a navigable place aboue the Falles. And for him at that time to find in the South Sea, a Mine of gold, or any of them sent by Sir Walter Raleigh : at our Consultation I told them was as likely as the rest. But during this great discovery of thirtie mylcs, {which might as well haue beene done by one man, and much more, for the value of a pound of Copper at a seasonable tyme) they had the Pinnace and all the Boats with them, but one that remained with me to seme the Fort.

In their absence I followed the new begun workes of Pitch and Tarre, Glasse, Sope-ashes, and Clapboord ; whereof some small quantities we haue sent you. But if you rightly con- sider, what an infinite toyle it is in Russia and Swethland, where the woods are proper for naught els, and though there be the helpe both of man and beast in those ancient Common- wealths, which many an hundred yeares haue vsed it ; yet thousands of those poore people can scarce get necessaries to Hue, but from hand to mouth. And though your Factors there can buy as much in a week as will fraught you a ship, or as much as you please ; you must not expect from vs any such matter, which are but a many of ignorant miserable soules, that are scarce able to get wherewith to Hue, and defend our selues against the inconstant Salvages : finding but here and there a tree fit for the purpose, and want all things els the Russians haue.

For the Coronation of Powhatan, by whose advice you sent him such presents, I know not ; but this giue me leaue to tell you, I feare they will be the confusion of vs all ere we heave from you againe. At your Ships arrivall, the Salvages harvest was newly gathered, and we going to buy it; our owne not being halfe sufficient for so great a number. As for the two ships loading of Come Newport promised to pro- vide vs from Powhatan, he brought vs but four eteene Bushels; and from the Monacans nothing, but the most of the men sicke

444 TJie Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [J't!

Smith. [608.

[1608] and neare famished. From your Ship we had not provision in victuals worth twenty pound, and we are more then two hundred to Hue vpon this : the one halfe sicke, the other little better. For the Saylers (I confesse) they daily make good cheare, but our dyet is a little meale and water, and not sufficient of that. Though there be fish in the Sea, foules in the ayre, and Beasts in the woods, their bounds are so larget they so wilde, and we so weake and ignorant, we cannot much trouble them. Captaine Newport we much suspect to be the Authour of those inventions.

Now that you should know, I haue made you as great a dis- covery as he, for lesse charge then he spendeth you every meale ; / haue sent you this Mappe of the Bay and Rivers, with an annexed [72] Relation of the Countries and Nations that inhabit them, as you may see at large. Also two barrels of stones, and such as I take to be good Iron ore at the least ; so devided, as by their notes yon may see in what places I found them.

The Souldiers say many of your officers maintaine their families out of that you send vs : and that Newport hath an hundred pounds a yeare for carrying newes. For every master you haue yet sent can find the way as well as he, so that an hundred pound might be spared, which is more then we haue all, that helps to pay him wages.

Captaine Rat[c]liffe is now called Sicklemore, a poore counterfeited Imposture. I haue sent you him home, least the company should cut his throat. What he is, now every one can tell you : if he and Archer returne againe, they are sufficient to keepe vs alwayes in factions.

When you send againe I intreat you rather send but thirty Carpenters, husbandmen, gar diners, fisher men, blacksmiths, masons, and diggers vp of trees, roots, well provided ; then a thousand of such as we haue : for except wee be able both to lodge them, and feed them, the most will consume with want of necessaries before they can be made good for any thing.

Thus if you please to consider this account, and of the vn~ necessary wages to Captaine Newport, or his ships so long lingering and staying here {for notwithstanding his boasting to leaue vs victuals for 12 moneths; though we had 89 by this discovery lame and sicke, and but a pinte of Come a day for a man, we were constrained to giue him three hogsheads of that to viciuall him homeward) or yet to send into Germany or Poleland/or glasse-men and the rest, till we be able to sustains

Eel. by W. Simmonds.-] 1612-1624.J

Lib. 3. with the second supply in Virginia. 445

our seines, and relieue them when they come. It were better to giue fine hundred pound a tun for those grosse Commodities in Denmarke, then send for them hither, till more necessary things be provided. For in over-toyling our weake and vnskilfull bodies, to satisfie this desire of present profit, we can scarce ever recover our selues from one Supply to another.

And I humbly intreat you hereafter, let vs know what we should receiue, and not stand to the Saylers courtesie to leaue vs what they please ; els you may charge vs with what you will, but we not you with any thing.

These are the causes that haue kept vs in Virginia, from laying such a foundation, that ere this might haue given much better content and satisfaction ; but as yet you must not looke for any profitable retumes : so I humbly rest.

[1608]

The Names of those in this Supply, were these : t>- »«•] with their Proceedings and Accidents.

Captaine Peter Winne, Captaine Richard Waldo,

were appoynted to be of the Councell.

Master Francis West, brother to the Lord La VVarre.

Thomas Graues. N		George Burton.
Raleigh Chroshaw.		Thomas Abbay.
Gabriel Beadle.		William Dowman.	.
John Beadle.		Thomas Maxes.	-*-» G
Iohn Russell.		Michael Lowick.	(L) O
William Russell.		Master Hunt.
Iohn Cuderington.		Thomas Forrest.
William Sambage.	f3	Iohn Dauxe.
Henry Leigh.
Henry Philpot.	Thomas Phelps.
Harmon Harrison.		Iohn Prat.	— rv?
Daniel Tucker.		Iohn Clarke.	Si
Henry Collings.		Ieffrey Shortridge.	S-'2 03 t^
Hugh Wolleston.		Dionis Oconor.
Iohn Hoidt.		Hugh Winne.	g f
Thomas Norton.		Dauid ap Hugh.	H.S
George Yarington. ,		Thomas Bradley.	[73T

446 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lia 3. [w.^uripESViSdwiL

[1608]

John Burr as.	c	Nicholas Hancock.
Thomas Lavander.	B	Walker.
Henry Bell.	Williams.
Master Powell.	- 0>	Flond.
David Ellis.	u	M or ley.
Thomas Gibson. j	Rose.
Thomas Dawse.	\ £*	Scot.
Thomas Mallard.	§2	Hardwyn.
William Taylcr.	•a*	Milman.
Thomas Fox.	M	Hilliard.
Mistresse Forrest.	and Anne Burras her mai

C/3 CD >>

o

tion. [/>. 130.]

eight

Dutch men and Poles, with some others, to the number of seaventie persons, &c.

Nandsa- These poore conclusions so affrighted vs all with famine,

tTc^tHbu?1 that the President provided for Nandsamund, and tooke with him Captaine Winne, and Master Scrivener, then returning from Captaine Newport.

These people also long denied him not onely the 400 Baskets of Come they promised [p. 432], but any trade at all ; (excusing themselues they had spent most they had ; and were commanded by Powhatan to keepe that they had, and not to let vs come into their river) till we were constrained to begin with them perforce.

Vpon the discharging of our Muskets they all fled and shot not an Arrow ; the first house we came to we set on fire, which when they perceiued, they desired we would make no more spoyle, and they would giue vs halfe they had : how they collected it I know not, but before night they loaded our three Boats.

And so we returned to our quarter some foure myles downe the River, which was onely the open woods vnder the lay of a hill, where all the ground was covered with snow, and hard frozen; the snow we digged away and made a great fire in the place; when the ground was well dryed, we turned away the fire ; and covering the place with a mat, there we lay very warme. To keepe vs from the winde we made a shade of another Mat ; as the winde turned we turned our shade : and when the ground grew cold we remoued the fire. And thus many a cold winter night haue wee laine in this miserable manner, yet those

Ed.byw.simmonds:-| LlB ^ wM t/ie second supply in Virginia. 447

that most commonly went vpon all those occasions, were [1608] alwayes in health, lusty, and fat.

For sparing them this yeare,the next yeare they promised to plant purposely for vs ; and so we returned to lames towne.

About this time there was a marriage betwixt John The first Lay don and Anne Burr as ; which was the first marriage ?S«£.m we had in Virginia.

Long he stayed not, but fitting himselfe and Captaine Waldo with two Barges. From Chawopoweanock, and all parts thereabouts, all the people were fled, as being iealous of our intents ; till we discovered the river and people of #"^2* Apamatuck ; where we found not much : that they had we equally divided ; but gaue them copper and such things as contented them in consideration.

Master Scrivener and Lieutenant Percie went also abroad, but could find nothing.

The President seeing the procrastinating of time, was no course to Hue, resolved with Captaine Waldo (whom he knew to be sure in time of need) to surprise Powhatan, and all his provision, but the vnwillingnesse of Captaine Winne, and Master Scrivener (for some private respect, plotted in England to ruine Captaine Smith) [^.460], did their best to hinder their proiect.

But the President whom no perswasions could perswade to starue, being invited by Powhatan to come vnto him : and if he would send him but men to build him a house, giue him a gryndstone, fiftie swords, some peeces, a cock and a hen, with much copper and beads, he would load his Ship with Corne.

The President not ignorant of his devises and subtiltie,yet vnwilling to neglect any opportunitie, presently sent three Dutch-men and two English ; having so small allowance, [that] few were able to doe any thing to purpose : knowing there needed no better a Castle to effect this proiect, tooke order with Captaine Waldo to second him, if need required. Scrivener he left his substitute, and set forth with the Pin- nace, two Barges, and fortie six men, which onely were such as voluntarily offered themselues for his Iourney, the which \J 131-] by reason of Master Scriveners illsuccesse, was censured very desperate: they all knowingSm^/t would not returne emptie, if it were to be had ; howsoever, it caused many of those that he had appointed, to find excuses to stay behinde. [74]

I4^> The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [w.pwttiJSS

A: Todkill.

[1608-9]

[/». 13a]

CHAPTER VIII.

Captaine Smiths loumey to Pamavnkee

sjj^He twentie-nine of December [1608] he set forward for Werowocomoco : his Company were these ;

In the Discovery Barge himself e.

Robert Behethland. Nathanael Graucs. John Russell. Raleigh Chrashow. Michael Sicklemore. Richard W or ley.

Anas Todkill. William Lone. William Bentley. Jeffrey Shortridgc. Edward Pising. William Ward.

u

o C/2

In the Pinnace.

Lieutenant Percie, brother to the Earle of Northumberland. Master Francis West, brother to the Lord La Warre. William Phittiplace, Captaine of the Pinnace.

Michael Phittiplace. Ieffrey Abbot, Ser-

ieant. William Tankard. George Yarington. lames Browne. Edward Brinton. George Burton. Thomas Coe.

a

U

o

DO U

o 10

Ionas Profit, Master.

Robert Ford, Clarke of the Councell.

Iohn Dods, Souldier. Henry Powell, Souldier.

Thomas Gipson, David Ellis, Nathanael Peacock, Saylers ; Iohn Prat, George Acrig, lames Read, Nicholas Hancock, lames Watkins, Thomas Lambert, foure Dutch-men, and Richard Salvage were sent by land before, to build the house for Powhatan against our Arrivall.

This company being victualled but for three or foure dayes, lodged the first night at Warraskoyack, where the President tooke sufficient provision.

This kind King did his best to divert him from seeing Powhatan ; but perceiuing he could not prevaile, he advised in this manner.

Ed. by w. s^monds.-j LIB ^ witjz fa secon(i suppiy in Virginia. 449

Captaine Smith, you shall find Powhatan to vse you [1608-9] kindly : but trust him not, and be sure he haue no JJjJjJg^f oportunitie to seize on your Armes ; for he hath sent warras- for you onely to cut your throats. ioyack'

The Captaine thanking him for his good counsell : yet the better to try his loue, desired guides to Chawwonock ; for he would send a present to that King, to bind him his friend. To performe this iourney was sent Master Sicklemore, a very valiant, honest, and a painefull Souldier : with him two guides, and directions how to seeke for the lost company of Sir Walter Raleighs, and silke Grasse.

Then we departed thence, the President assuring the King [of his] perpetuall loue ; and left with him Samuel Collier his Page to learne the Language.

So this Kings deeds by sacred Oath adiurd. More wary proues, and circumspect by ods : Fearing at least his double forfeiture ; To offend his friends, and sin against his Gods.

The next night [30 Dec. 1608], being lodged at Kecoughtan; rientie of six or seaven dayes the extreame winde, rayne, frost and victua s' snow caused vs to keepe Christmas [31 Dec. 1608 — 6 Jan. 1609] among the Salvages, where we were never more merry, nor fed on more plentie of good Oysters, Fish, Flesh, Wild-foule, and good bread; nor never had better fires in England, then in the dry smoaky houses of Kecoughtan.

But departing thence, when we found no houses we were not curious in any weather to lye three or foure nights together vnder the trees by a fire, as formerly is sayd [p. 446] . 148 Fouie* An hundred fortie eight foules the President, Anthony \iiltt*1 Bagnall, and Serieant Pising did kill at three shoots. shootes.

At Kiskiack the frost and contrary winds forced vs three or foure dayes also (to suppresse the insolency of those \J- 133O proud Salvages) to quarter in their houses, yet guard our Barge, and cause them [to] giue vs what we wanted ; though we were but twelue and himselfe, yet we never wanted shelter where we found any houses.

The 12 of Ianuary [1609] we arrived at Werowocomoco, where the river was frozen neare halfe a myle from the shore; but to neglect [75] no time, the President with his Barge so far had approached by breaking the ice, as the ebbe left him

2Q

450 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [

R. Wyffin, J. Abbot. W. I'hittiplace, A. Todkill.

[1609]

Captaine Smiths discourse to Fowhatan.

[/• 134-1

Powhatan* reply and flattery.

amongst those oasie shoules, yet rather then to lye there frozen to death, by his owne example he taught them to march neere middle deepe, a flight shot through this muddy frozen oase. When the Barge floated, he ap- poynted two or three to returne her aboord the Pinnace. Where for want of water, in melting the ice, they made fresh water, for the river there was salt. But in this march Master Russell, (whom none could perswade to stay behinde) being somewhat ill, and exceeding heauie, so over- toyled himselfe as the rest had much adoe (ere he got ashore) to regaine life into his dead benummed spirits.

Quartering in the next houses we found, we sent to Pow- hatan for provision ; who sent vs plentie of bread, Turkies, and Venison.

The next day [13 Jan.] having feasted vs after his ordinary manner,he began to aske vs when we would be gone: fayning he sent not for vs, neither had he any come; and his people much lesse: yetforfortieswordshewouldprocurevsfortieBaskets.

The President shewing him the men there present that brought him the message and conditions, asked Powhatan how itchancedhebecamesoforgetfull;thereattheKingconcluded the matter with a merry laughter, asking for our Commo- dities, but none he liked without gunnes and swords, valuing a Basket of Come more precious then a Basket of Copper ; saying he could rate [eat] his Come, but not the Copper.

Captaine Smith seeing the intent of this subtill Salvage, began to deale with him after this manner.

Powhatan, though I had many courses to haue made my pro- vision, yet beleeving your promises to supply my wants, I neglected all to satisfieyour desire : and to testifie my hue, I sent you my men for your building, neglecting mine owne. What your people had, you haue engrossed, forbidding them our trade : and now you thinke by consuming the time, we shall consume for want, not having to fulfill your strange demands. As for swords and gunnes, I told you long agoe I had none to spare ; and you must know those I haue can keepe me from want : yet steale or wrong you I will not, nor dissolue that friendship we haue mutually promised, except you constrainc me by our bad vsage.

The King having attentively listned to this Discourse, promised that both he and his Country would spare him what he could, the which within two dayes they should receiue. Yet

EuVbyw.simmonds.-| LlB ^ with the second supply inV\xgm\2i. 451

Captaine Smith, sayth the King, some doubt I haue of your [1609] comming hither, that makes me not so kindly seeke to relieueyou as I would : for many doe informe me, your comming hither is not for trade, but to invade my people, and possesse my Country, who dare not come to bring you come, seeing you thus armed with your men. To free vs of this feare, leaue aboord your weapons, for here they are needlesse, we being all friends, and for ever Powhatans.

With many such discourses, they spent the day; quarter- ing that night in the Kings houses.

The next day [14 Jan.] he renewed his building, which hee little intended should proceede. For the Dutch-men finding his plentie, and knowing our want; and perceiving his preparations to surprise vs, little thinking we could escape both him and famine ; (to obtaine his favour) revealed to him so much as they knew of our estates and proiects, and how to prevent them. One of them being of so great a spirit, iudgement, and resolution; and a hireling that was certaine of his wages for his labour, and ever well vsed both he and his Countrymen; that the President knew not whom better to trust: and not knowing any fitter for that imploy- ment, he sent him as a spy to discover Powhatans intent, then little doubting his honestie, nor could ever be certaine of his villa[i]ny till neare halfe a yeare after [p. 467].

Whilst we expected the comming in of the Country, we [/• »3f.l wrangled out of the King ten quarters of Corne for a copper Kettell, the which the President perceiving him much to affect, valued it at a much greater rate ; but in regard of his scarcity he would accept it, provided we should haue as much more the next yeare, or els the Country of Monacan. Wherewith each seemed well contented, and Powhatan began to expostulate the difference of Peace and Warre after this manner.

Captaine Smith, you may vnderstand that I having seene ^JJ^JJ the death of all my people thrice, and not any one lining of those peace and three generations but my selfe ; I know the difference of Peace and Warre better then any in my Country. But now I am old and ere long must die, my brethren [76J , namely Opitcha- pam, Opechancanough, and Kekataugh, my two sisters, and their two daughters, are distinctly each others successors. I wish their experience no lesse then mine, and your loue to them no

452 Tfie Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [w. PhuriK^-r^ikS.

[1609] lesse then mine to you. But this bruit from Nandsamund, that you are come to destroy my Country, so much affrighteth all my people as they dare not visit you. What will it availe you to take that by force you may quickly haue by hue, or to destroy them that provide you food. What can you get by warre, when we can hide our provisions and fly to the woods ? whereby you m ust famish by wronging vs your friends. A nd why are you thus iealous of our hues seeing vs vnarmed, and both doe, and are will- ing still to feede you, with that you cannot get but by our labours ? Thinke you I am so simple, not to know it is better to eate good meate, lye well, and sleepe quietly with my women and children, laugh and be merry with you, haue copper, hatchets, or what I want being your friend : then be forced to flie from all, to lie cold in the woods, feede vpon A comes, rootes, and such trash; and be so hunted by you, that I can neither rest, eate, nor sleepe ; but my tyred men must watch, and if a twig but breake, every one cryeth there commeth Captaine Smith : then must I fly I know not whether : and thus with miserable feare, end my

\p. 136.] miserable life, leaning my pleasures to such youths as you, which through your rash vnaduisednesse may quickly as miserably end, for want of that, you never know where to finde. Let this therefore assure you of our loues, and every yeere our friendly trade shall furnish you with Come; and now also, if you would come in friendly manner to see vs, and not thus with your guns and swords as to invade your foes.

wine ^° ^ls subtill discourse, the President thus replyed.

Reply. Seeing you will not rightly conceiue of our words, we striue

to make you know our thoughts by our deeds; the vow I made you of my loue, both my selfe and my men haue kept. As for your promise I find it euery day violated by some of your sub- jects : yet we finding your loue and kindenesse, our custome is so far from being vngratefull, that for your sake onely, we haue curbed our thirsting desire of revenge ; els had they knowne as well the crueltie we vse to our enemies, as our true loue and courtesie to our friends. And I thinke your iudgement suffi- cient to conceiue, as well by the adventures we haue vndertaken, as by the advantage we haue (by our A rmes) of yours : that had we intended you any hurt, long ere this we could haue effected it. Your people comming to lames Towne are entertained with their Bowes and A rrowes without any exceptions ; we esteeming it with you as it is with vs, to weare our armes as our apparell. As

Ed. by W. Simmonds."] 1612-1624.J

Lib. 3. with the second supply z/z Virginia. 453

for the danger of our enemies, in such war res consist our chief est pleasure : for your riches we haue no vse : as for the hiding your provision, or by your flying to the woods, we shall not so vnad- visedly starue as you conclude, your friendly care in that behalf e is needlesse, for we haue a rule to finde beyond your knowledge.

Many other discourses they had, till at last they began to trade. But the King seeing his will would not be admitted as a law, our guard [not] dispersed, nor our men disarmed, he (sighing) breathed his minde once more in this manner.

Captaine Smith, / neuer vse any Werowance so kindely as your selfe, yet from you I receiue the least kindnesse of any. Captaine Newport gaue me swords, copper, cloathes, a bed, towels, or what I desired ; euer taking what I offered him, and would send away his gunnes when I intreated him : none doth deny to lye [lay] at my feet, or refuse to doe, what I desire, but onely you ; of whom I can haue nothing but what you regard not, and yet you will haue whatso euer you demand. Captaine New- port you call father, and so you call me ; but I see for all vs both you will doe what you list, and we must both seeke to con- tent you. But if you intend so friendly as you say, send hence your amies, that I may beleeue you; for you see the loue I beare you, doth cause me thus nakedly to forget my selfe.

Stnith seeing this Salvage but trifle the time to cut his throat, procured the Salvages to breake the ice, that his Boate might come to fetch his corne and him ; and gaue order for more men to come on shore, to surprise the King, with whom also he but trifled the time till his men were landed : and to keepe him from suspicion, entertained the time with this reply.

Powhatan you must know, as I haue but one God, I honour but one King ; and I Hue not here as your subiect, but as your friend to pleasure you with what I can. By the gifts you bestow on me, you gaine more then by trade : yet woiddyou visit mee as I doe you, you should know it is not our custome, to sell our curtesies as a vendible commodity. Bring all your [77] countrey with you for your guard, I will not dislike it as being ouer iealous. But to content you, to morrow I will leaue my Amies, and trust to your promise. I call you father indeed, and as a father you shall see I will loue you : but the small care you- haue of such a childe caused my men to perswade me to looke to my selfe.

By this time Powhatan hauing knowledge his men were

[1609]

[/• 137-1

Powhatans importunity to haue vs vnarmed to betray vs.

Captaine Smiths discourse to delay time, till he found oportunity to surprise the King.

[The last time Smith sees Pow- hatan.]

454 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [w.ii*«&^mE

[1609] ready; whilest the ice was a breaking, with his luggage

^t^ftu* women an^ children, fled. Yet to auoyd suspicion, left

murdered two or three of the women talking with the Captaine,

*■**■ whilest hee secretly ran away, and that his men secretly

beset the house. Which being presently discouered to

[>-i38.] Captaine Smith, with his pistoll, sword, and target hee

made such a passage among these naked Diuels ; that at

his first shoot, they next him tumbled one ouer another,

and the rest quickly fled some one way, some another : so

that without any hurt, onely accompanied with Iohn Russell,

hee obtained the corps du guard.

When they perceiued him so well escaped, and with his

eighteene men (for he had no more with him a shore), to

the vttermost of their skill they sought excuses to dissemble

the matter: andPowhatan to excuse his flight and the sudden

a chaine of comming of this multitude, sent our Captaine a great brace-

STok'toine *et anc* a cname of pearle,by an ancient Oratour that bespoke

fora present, vs to this purpose ; perceiuing euen then from our Pinnace,

a Barge and men departing and comming vnto vs.

Captaine Smith, our Werowance is fled, fearing your gunnes,

and knowing when the ice was broken there would come more

men, sent these numbers but to guard his come from stealing,

that might happen without your knowledge : now though some

bee hurt by your misprision, yet Powhatan is your friend and

so will for euer continue. Now since the ice is open, he would

haue you send away your corne; and if you would haue his

company, send away also your gunnes, which so affrighteth his

people, that they dare not come to you as hee promised they should.

Pretending Then hauing prouided baskets for our men to carry our

men iMded come to the boats, they kindly offered their seruice to guard

we^edts' our Armes, that none should steale them. A great many

t^mdoit they were of goodly well proportioned fellowes, as grim as

Diuels ; yet [at] the very sight of cocking our matches, and

being to let fly, a few wordes caused them to leaue their

bowes and arrowes to our guard, and beare downe our

corne on their backes ; wee needed not importune them to

make dispatch.

But our Barges being left on the oase by the ebbe, caused vs stay till the next high-water; so that wee returned againe to our old quarter.

Powhatan and his Dutch-men brusting with desire to haue

Ed. by w. simmonds."] LlB ^ w^ fa seconcl supply in Virginia. 455

the head of Captaine Smith ; for if they could but kill him, [1609] they thought all was theirs, neglected not any opportunity to effect his purpose. The Indians with all the merry sports they could deuise, spent the time till night : then they all returned to Powhatan, who all this time was making ready his forces to surprise the house and him at supper.

Notwithstanding the eternall all-seeing God did preuent him, and by a strange meanes. For Pocahontas his dearest ^^M iewell and daughter, in that darke night came through the hwfSE* irksome woods, and told our Captaine great cheare should urn «.to be sent vs by and by: but Powhatan and all the power he could make, would after come kill vs all, if they that brought it could not kill vs with our owne weapons when we were at supper. Therefore if we would Hue, shee wished vs pre- sently to bee gone. Such things as shee delighted in, he would haue giuen her : but with the teares running downe her cheekes, shee said shee durst not be seene to haue any : for if Powhatan should know it, she were but dead, and so shee ranne away by her selfe as she came.

Within lesse than an houre came eight or ten lusty fellowes, with great platters of venison and other victuall, very impor- tunate to haue vs put out our matches (whose smoake made them sicke) and sit down to our victuall. But the Captaine made them taste euery dish, which done hee sent some of them backe to Powhatan, to bid him make haste for hee was prepared for his comming. As for them hee knew they came to betray him at his supper: but hee would prevent them and all their other intended villanies : so that they might be gone. Not long after came more mes- sengers, to see what newes ; not long after them, others.

Thus wee spent the night as vigilantly as they, till it was high-water, yet seemed to the saluages [78] as friendly as they to vs : and that wee were so desirous to giue Powha- tan content, as hee requested, wee did leaue him Edward Brynton to kill him foule, and the Dutch-men to finish his house ; thinking at our returne from Pamavnkee the frost would be gone, and then we might finde a better oppor- tunity if necessity did occasion it, little dreaming yet of the Dutch-mens treachery, whose humorwell su[i]tedthisverse:

7s any free, that may not Hue as freely as he list ?

Let vs Hue so, then w'are as free, and bruitish as the best.

Winn*

456 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [w. PhutSVi^kut

("390 CHAPTER IX.

How wee escaped surprising at Pamavnkee.

E had no sooner set sayle but Powhatan returned, and sent Adam and. Francis {two stout Dutch-men [pp. 467, 487]) to lames towne : who faining to Captaine Winnethat all things were well, and that Captaine Smith had vse of their armes, wherefore they requested new (the which were giuen them). They told him their comming was for some extraordinary tooles, and shift of apparell ; by which colourable excuse they obtained sixe or seauen more to their confederacie, such expert theeues, that presently furnished them with a great many swords, pike- heads, peeces, shot, powder and such like : Saluages they had at hand to carry it away; and the next day they returned vnsuspected, leauing their confederates to follow, and in the interim to convay them such things as they could : for which seruice they should Hue with Powhatan as his chiefe affected, free from those miseries that would happen [to] the Colony. The Dutch Samuel their other consort Powhatan kept for their pledge, thensarunages whose diligence had prouided them three hundred of their with Ames, kinde 0f hatchets ; the rest fifty swords, eight peeces, and eight pikes.

Brynton and Richard Salvage seeing the Dutch-men so diligent to accommodate the Saluages with weapons, attempted to haue gotten to lames towne; but they were apprehended, and expected euer when to be put to death.

Within two or three dayes, we arriued at Pamavnkee, the King as many dayes entertained vs with feasting and much mirth.

And the day appointed to beginne our trade, the President, Lieutenant Percie, Master West, Master Russell, Master Behethland, Master Crashaw, Master Powell, Master Ford, and some others to the number of fifteene, went vp to Opechancanonghs house a quarter of a mile from the riuer ; where wee found nothing but a lame fellow and a boy : and all the houses round about of all things abandoned. lA»4o.j Not long wee stayed ere the King arriued, and after him

came diuerse of his people loaden with bowes and arrowes : but such pinching commodities, and those esteemed at

Ed.byw.s;mmonds.-| lib^ with the second supply z# Virginia. 457

Smiths Speech to Opechan- canough.

such a value, as our Captaine began with the King after [1609] this manner.

Opechancanough, the great hue you prof esse with your tongue, seemes meere deceit by your actions. Last yeere you kindly fraughted our ship : but now you haue inuited mee to starue with hunger : you know my want, and I your plenty ; of which by some meanes I must haue part : remember it is fit for Kings to keepe their promise. Here are my commodities, whereof take your choice; the rest I will proportion fit bargains for your people.

The King seemed kindly to accept his offer, and the better to colour his proiect, sold vs what they had to our owne con- tent ; promising the next day, more company, better prouided.

The Barges and Pinnace being committed to the charge of Master Phetiplace ; the President [the next day] with his old fifteene marched vp to the Kings house : where wee found foure or hue men newly arriued, each with a great basket.

Not long after came the King, who with a strained cheer- 7«>. Sai- fulnesse held vs with discourse what paines he had taken to Slf EngS. keep his promise ; till Master Russell brought vs in newes that \™s but we were all betrayed : for at least seuen hundred Saluages well armed, had inuironed [79] the house, and beset the fields.

The King coniecturing what Russell related, wee could well perceiue how the extremity of his feare bewrayed his intent : whereat some of our company seeming dismaied with the thought of such a multitude ; the Captaine encouraged vs to this effect.

Worthy Countrey-men, were the mischiefes of my seeming f^("to friends no more then the danger of these enemies, I little cared his were they as many more : if you dare doe, but as I. But this Company- is my torment, that if I escape them, our malicious Councell with their open mouthed Minions, will make me such a peace- breaker {in their opinions in England) as will breake my necke. I could wish those here, that make these seeme Saints, and me an oppressor. But this is the worst of all, wherein I pray you aid mee with your opinions. Should wee beginne with them and surprise the King, we cannot keepe him and defend well our selues. If wee should each kill our man, and so proceed with all in the house ; the rest will all fly : then shall wee get no more then the bodies that are slaine, and so starue for victuall. As for their fury it is the least danger ; for well you know, being

[>. mi]

458 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [w. phhtjac^xtdkut

[1609]

Smiths offer to Opechan- canough.

Opechanca- nought deuice to betray Smith.

[/• X42.]

Smith taketh tht King prisoner.

alone assaulted with two or three hundred of them, I made them by the helpe of God compound to saue my life. A nd wee are sixteene, and they but seauen hundred at the most; and assure your selues, God will so assist vs, that if you dare stand but to discharge your pieces, the very smoake will bee sufficient to affright them. Yet howsoeuer, let vs fight like men, and not die like sheepe : for by that meanes you know God hath oft deliuered mee, and so I trust will now. But first, I will deale with them, to bring it to passe wee may fight for something, and draw them to it by con- ditions. If you like this motion, promise me you will be valiant.

The time not permitting any argument, all vowed to execute whatsoeuer hee attempted or die ; whereupon the Captaine in plaine tearmes told the King this.

J see Opechancanough your plot to murder me, but I fear e it not. As yet your men and mine haue done no harme, but by our direction. Take therefore your Amies, you see mine, my body shall bee as naked as yours : the Isle in your riuer is a fit place, if you be contented : and the conquerour (of vs two) shall be Lord and Master ouer all our men. If you haue not enough, take time to fetch more, and bring what number you will ; so euery one bring a basket of come, against all which I will stake the value in copper : you see I haue but fifteene, and our game shall be, the Conquerour take all.

The King being guarded with forty or fifty of his chiefe men, seemed kindly to appease Smiths suspicion of vnkind- nesse, by a great present at the doore, they intreated him to receiue. This was to draw him out of the doore, where the bait was guarded with at least two hundred men, and thirty lying vnder a great tree (that lay thwart as a barri- cado) each his arrow nocked ready to shoot.

The President commanded one [evidently a soldier] to go see what kind of deceit this was, and to receiue the present; but hee refused to doe it; yet the Gentlemen and all the rest were importunate to goe, but he would not permit them, being vexed at that Coward : and commanded Lieutenant Percie, Master West, and the rest to make good the house ; Master Powell and Master Behethland he commanded to guard the doore; and in such a rage snatched the King by his long locke in the middest of his men, with his Pistoll readiebent against his brest. Thus he led the trembling King, neare dead with feare amongst all his people : who delivering the Captaine

Ed. by w. simmonds.-| LlB ^ witjt fa seC0nd supply in Virginia. 459

his Vambrace, Bow, and Arrowes, all his men were easily [1609] intreated to cast downe their Armes, little dreaming any durst in that manner haue vsed their King : who then to escape himselfe bestowed his presents in good sadnesse.

And causing a great many of them come before him vnarmed, holding the King by the hayre (as is sayd), he spake to them to this effect.

I see (you Pamavnkeesj the great desire you haue to kill me, Smiths and my long suffering your iniuries hath imboldened you to fo^Ta- this presumption. The cause I haue forborne your insolencies, n*™*"*- is the promise I made you (before the God I serue) to be your friend, till you giue me iust cause to be your enemy. If I keepe this vow, my God will keepe me, you cannot hurt me; if I breake it, he will destroy me. But if you shoot but one Arrow to shed one drop of bloud of any of my men, or steale the least of these Beads, or Copper, I spume here before you with my foot ; you shall see I will not cease revenge (if once I begin) so long as I can heare where to finde one of [80] your Nation that will not deny the name of Pamavnk. / am not now at Rassaweak halfe drowned with myre, where you tooke me prisoner ; yet then for keeping your promise and your good vsage and saving my life, I so affect you, that your denyals of your trechery doe halfe perswade me to mistake my selfe. But if I be the marke you ayme at, here I stand, shoot he that dare. You promised to fraught my Ship ere I departed, and so you shall ; or I meane to load her with your dead carcasses : yet if as friends you will !/■ x43-i come and trade, I once more promise not to trouble you, except you giue me the first occasion ; and your King shall be free and be my friend, for I am not come to hurt him or any of you.

Vpon this, away went their Bowes and Arrowes ; and men, ti» women, and children brought in their Commodities : two or dissemble three houres they so thronged about the President and so theirintcnt overwearied him, as he retyred himselfe to rest, leauing Master Behethland and Master Powellto receiuetheir presents.

But some Salvages perceiuing him fast asleepe, and the guard somewhat carelesly dispersed, fortie or fiftie of their choise men each with a club or an English sword in his hand, began to enter the house with two or hundred others, that pressed to second them. The noyse and hast they made in, did so shake the house they awoke him from his sleepe ; and being halfe amazed with this suddaine sight, [he] betooke him

460 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [w.PhutiK^T^S:

[1609] strait to his sword and Target; Master Crashaw and some others charged in like manner ; whereat they quickly thronged faster backe than before forward. The house thus cleansed, the King and some of his auncients we kept yet

Their excuse with him, who with a long Oration, excused this intrusion.

and recon- r i i • •

diement. The rest of the day was spent with much kindnesse, the

companie againe renewing their presents with their best provisions, and whatsoever he gaue them they seemed therewith well contented.

Now in the meane while, since our departure, this hapned at our Fort. 5 Master Master Scrivener having receiued Letters from England to scrivener make himselfe either Ccesar or nothing, he began to decline with°a skiff, in his affection to Captaine Smith [p. 447], that ever regarded him as himselfe ; and was willing to crosse the surprising of Powhatan. Some certaine daies after the Presidents depar- ture, he would needs goe visit the Isle of Hogs, and tooke with himCaptaineP7fl/rfo(though the President had appointed him to be ready to second his occasions) with Master A nthony Gosnoll and eight others ; but so violent was the wind (that extreame frozen time) that the Boat sunke, but where or how none doth know. The Skiff was much over-loaden, and would scarce haue liued in that extreame tempest had she beene empty: but by no perswasion he could be diverted, though both Waldo and an hundred others doubted as it hapned. fA M4-J The Salvages were the first that found their bodies, which

so much the more encouraged them to effect their proiects. To advertise the President of this heavie newes, none could be found would vndertake it, but the Iorney was often refused of all in the Fort, vntill Master Richard Wyffin vnder- Master tooke alone the performance thereof. In this Iourney he d2j£e was incountred with many dangers and difficulties in all iourney. parts as he passed. As for that night he lodged with Powhatan, [at Werowocomoco, see pp. 456, 463] perceiuing such preparation for warre, not finding the President there: he did assure himselfe some mischiefe was intended. Pocahontas hid him for a time, and sent them who pursued him the cleane contrary way to seeke him ; but by her meanes and extraordinry bribes and much trouble in three dayes [? 19-22 Jan. 1609] travell, at length he found

be trecher- ous.

Ed.byw.simmonds.-j LlB ^ with the second supply inWxgim-a.. 461

vs in the middest of these turmoyles [apparently about 22 [1609] Jan. 1609, *•*•• ow ^ ^JV Smith had seized Opechancanough]. This vnhappy newes the President swore him to conceale from the company, and so dissembling his sorrow with the best countenances he could, when the night approched [he] went safely aboord with all his Souldiers; leauing Opechan- canough at libertie, according to his promise, the better to haue Powhatan in his returne.

Now so extreamely Powhatan had threatned the death Powhatan of his men, if they did not by some meanes kill Captaine h^men'to Smith : that the next day, they appointed all the countrey should come to trade vnarmed : yet vnwilling to be trecherous, but that they were constrained, hating fighting with him almost as ill as hanging, such feare they had of bad successe.

The next morning, the Sunne had not long appeared, but the fields appeared covered with people and Baskets, to tempt vs on shore : but nothing was to be had without his presence, nor they would not indure the sight of a gun. [81]

When the President saw them begin to depart, being The third vnwilling to loose such a bootie, he so well contrived the bSrayU0 Pinnace and his Barges with Ambuscadoes, as onely with Lieutenant Percie, Master West, and Master Russell, with their Armes [he] went on shore ; others he appointed vnarmed toreceiuewhat was brought. The Salvages flocked before him in heapes, and the banke serving as a trench for a retreat, he drew them fayre open to his Ambuscado's.

For he not being to be perswaded to goe [and] visit their King, the King knowing the most of them [to be] vnarmed, came to visit him with two or three hundred men, in the forme of two halfe Moones ; and with some twentie men, and many women loaden with painted Baskets. But when they approached somewhat neare vs, their women and [p-ns-i children fled. For when they had environed and beset the fields in this manner, they thought their purpose sure, yet so trembled with feare as they were scarse able to nock their Arrowes : Smith standing, with his three men ready bent, beholding them till they were within danger of our Ambuscado's ; who vpon the word discovered them- selues, and he retyred to the Barge. Which the Salvages

462 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [w. ^SSSbS&

[1609] no sooner perceived, then away they fled, esteeming their heeles for their best advantage.

That night we sent Master Chrashaw, and Master Ford

[evidently in a barge], to lames towne to Captaine Winne. In

thewaybetweene Werowocomoco and the Fort, they met foure

or hue of the Dutch-mens Confederates going to Powhatan :

the which to excuse those Gentlemens suspition of their run-

ningto the Salvages, returnedto the Fort andthere continued.

The Salvages hearing our Barge goe downe the river in

the night, were so terribly affrayde, that we sent for more

men (we having so much threatned their ruine, and the

Achayneof rasing of their houses, boats, and wires [weirs]), that the

tPoe3bfalnet next ^av ^e King sent our Captaine a chayne of Pearle,

Peac«. to alter his purpose and stay his men : promising though

they wanted themselues, to fraught our ship and bring it

aboord to avoyd suspition : so that, hue or six dayes after,

from all parts of the Country within ten or twelue myles,

in the extreame frost and snow, they brought vs provision

on their naked backes.

The Yet notwithstanding this kindnesse and trade, had their

poysoneS: art and poyson beene sufficient, the President, with Master

punched?" West, and some others had beene poysoned ; it made them

sicke, but expelled it selfe.

Wecuttanow, a stout young fellow, knowing he was suspected for bringing this present of poyson, with fortie or fiftie of his chiefe companions (seeing the President but with a few men at Potavncak) so proudly braued it, as though he expected to incounter a revenge. Which the President perceiving, in the midst of his company, did not onely beate, but spurned him like a dogge, as scorning to doe him any worse mischiefe. Wherevpon all of them fled into the woods, thinking they had done a great matter to haue so well escaped : and the townsmen remaining [/. 146.] presently fraughted our Barge to be rid of our companies, framing many excuses to excuse Wecuttanow, (being sonne to their chiefe King, but [excepting] Powhatan) and told vs if we would shew tnem him that brought the poyson, they would deliver him to vs to punish as we pleased.

Men may thinke it strange there should be such a stirrc for a little come, but had it beene gold with more ease wee might haue got it; and had it wanted, the whole Colony had

Ed.byw.simmonds.j lib 3 with the second supply in\\x<g\m&. 463

starued. Wee may be thought very patient to endure all [1609] those iniuries, yet onely with fearing them wee got what they had. Whereas if we had taken revenge; then by their losse, we should haue lost our selues.

We searched also the Countries of Youghtanund and The Mattapanient,wherQ the people imparted that little they had, wanS with such complaints and teares from the eyes of women P°vertie- and children, as he had beene too cruell to haue beene a Christian, that would not haue beene satisfied and moued with compassion.

But had this hapned in October, November, and De- cember, when that vnhappie discovery of Monacan was made, we might haue fraughted a ship of fortie tuns, and twise as much might haue beene had from the Rivers of Rapahanock, Patawomek, and Pawtuxunt.

The maine occasion of our thus temporizing with them was, to part friends as we did, to giue the lesse cause of suspition to Powhatan to fly {i.e., from Werowocomoco] ; by whom we now returned [82] with a purpose to haue surprised him and his provision. For effecting whereof (when we came against the Towne) the President sent Master Wyffin and Master Coe ashore to discover and make way for his intended proiect.

But they found that those damned Dutch-men had caused ™eijw*- Powhatan to abandon his new house and Werowocomoco, Si hurt. and to carry away all his corne and provision : and the people they found so ill affected, that they were in great doubt how to escape with their Hues.

So the President finding his intent frustrated, and that there was nothing now to be had, and therefore an vnfit time to revenge their abuses, sent Master Michael Phittiplace by Land to lames towne, whether we sayled with all the speed we could; wee having in this Iourney (for 25l[bs]. of Copper, and 5ol[bs]. of Iron and Beads) enough to keepe 46 men six weekes [i.e., from 29 Dec. 1608 to about 8 Feb. 1609], and every man for his reward a moneths provision \p. 147] extraordinary (no Trade being allowed but for the store). We got neare 20ol[b] . waight of deere suet, and delivered to the Cape Merchant 479 Bushels of Corne.

Those temporizing proceedings to some may seeme too

464 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3- [w.phStiSnAJTodkui:

[1609] charitable, to such a daily daring trecherous people : to others not pleasing, that we washed not the ground with their blouds, nor shewed such strange inventions in mangling, murdering, ransacking, and destroying (as did the Spanyards) the simple bodies of such ignorant soules ; nor delightfull, because not stuffed with Relations of heapes and mynes of gold and silver, nor such rare commo- dities, as the Portugals and Spanyards found in the East and West Indies. The want whereof hath begot vs (that were the first vndertakers) no lesse scorne and contempt, then the noble conquests and valiant adventures beautified with it, prayse and honour. Too much I confesse the world cannot attribute to their ever memorable merit : and to cleare vs from the blind worlds ignorant censure, these few words may suffice any reasonable vnderstanding.

An Apology It was the Spanyards good hap to happen in those parts

Planters"1 where were infinite numbers of people, who had manured the ground with that providence, it affoorded victualls at all times. And time had brought them to that perfection, they had the vse of gold and silver, and the most of such commodities as those Countries affoorded : so that, what the Spanyard got was chiefely the spoyle and pillage of those Countrey people, and not the labours of their owne hands. But had those fruitfull Countries beene as salvage, as barbarous, as ill peopled, as little planted, laboured, and manured, as Virginia : their proper labours it is likely would haue produced as small profit as ours.

But had Virginia beene peopled, planted, manured, and adorned with such store of precious Iewels,and rich commo- dities as was the Indies : then had we not gotten and done as much as by their examples might be expected from vs, the

r/ 148.] world might then haue traduced vs and our merits, and haue made shame and infamy our recompence and reward. But we chanced in a Land even as God made it, where we found onely an idle, improvident, scattered people, ignorant of the knowledge of gold and silver, or any com- modities, and carelesse of any thing but from hand to mouth, except ba[u]bles of no worth ; nothing to incourage vs, but what accidentally we found Nature afforded. Which ere we could bring to recompence our paines, defray our charges, and satisfie our Adventurers ; we were

Ed. by w. simmonds.j LIB^ with the second supply in Virginia. 465

to discover the Countrey, subdue the people, bring them [1609] to be tractable, civill, and industrious, and teach them trades, that the fruits of their labours might make vs some recompence ; or plant such Colonies of our owne, that must first make prouision how to Hue of themselues, ere they can bring to perfection the commodities of the Country: which doubtlesse will be as commodious for England as the west Indies for Spaine, if it be rightly mannaged: notwithstanding all our home-bred opinions, that will argue the contrary, as formerly some haue done against the Spanyards and Porhigalls.

But to conclude, against all rumor of opinion, I onely say this, for those that the three first yeares began this Plantation ; notwithstanding all their factions, mutinies, and miseries, so gently corrected, and well prevented £ pervse the Spanish Decades; the Relations of Master Hack- luit, and tell me how many ever with such small meanes as a Barge of 22 [or rather two] tuns, sometimes with seauen, eight, or nine, or but at most, twelue or sixteene men, did ever discover so [83] many fayre and navigable Rivers, subiect so many severall Kings, people, and Nations, to obedience and contribution, with so little bloudshed.

And if in the search of those Countries we had hapned where wealth had beene, we had as surely had it as obedience and contribution; but if we haue overskipped it, we will not enuie them that shall find it : yet can we not but lament, it was our fortunes to end when we had but onely learned how to begin, and found the right course how to proceed.

By Richard Wyffin, William Pbittiplace, Ieffrey

Abbot, and Anas Todkill.

CHAPTER X. [/.i4s

How the Salvages became subiect to the English.

Hen the Ships departed, all the provision of the

Store (but that the President had gotten) was

so rotten with the last Summers rayne, and

eaten with Rats and Wormes, as the Hogges

30

The

Presidents

466 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. T w.-SnES".

L Hon. G. Percy*

[1609] would scarcely eate it. Yet it was the Souldiers dyet till our returnes [about 8 Feb. 1609J, so that we found nothing done, but our victuals spent; and the most part of ourtooles, and a good part of our Armes conveyed to the Salvages.

But now casting vp the Store, and finding sufficient till the next harvest, the feare of starving was abandoned, and the company divided into tens, fifteens, or as the busi- nesse required ; six houres each day was spent in worke, the rest in Pastime and merry exercises.

But the vntowardnesse of the greatest number caused the President [to] advise as followeth.

Countrymen, the long experience of our late miseries, I hope

jtdvkatotha is sufficient to perswade every one to a present correction of ompany. /^;ww/^ an^ thinke not fnaf either my pains, nor the A Ven- turers purses, will ever maintaine you in idlenesse and sloath. I speake not this to you all, for divers of you I know deserue both honour and reward, better then is yet here to be had : but the greater part must be more industrious, or starue, how euer you haue beene heretofore tollerated by the authoritie of the Councell, from that I hauc often commanded you. You see

[/>-i49,i57, now that power resteth wholly in my selfe : you must obey this

and 473"] now for a Law, that he that will not worke shall not eate {except by sichiesse he be disabled :) for the labours of thirtie or fortie honest and industrious men shall not be consumed to maintaine an hundred and fiftie idle loyterers. And though you presume the authoritie here is but a shadow, and that I

(/. 150.] dare not touch the Hues of any but my owne must answer it : the Letters patents shall each weeke be read to you, whose Contents will tell you the contrary. I would wish you there- fore without contempt seeke to obserue these orders set downe, for there are now no more Counselors to protect you, nor curbe my endevours. Therefore he that ojfendeth, let him assuredly expect his due punishment.

He made also a Table [notice board], as a publicke memoriall of every mans deserts, to incourage the good, and with shame to spurre on the rest to amendment. By this many became very industrious, yet more by punish- ment performed their businesse; for all were so tasked, that there was no excuse could prevaile to deceiue him.

Yet the Dutch-mens consorts so closely convayed them

Ed.byw.simmonds.-j LlB .3. with the second supply in Virginia. 467

powder, shot, swords, and tooles, that though we could [1609]

find the defect, we could not finde by whom, till it was too

late.

All this time [Feb -Mar. 1609] the Dutch men remaining The Dutch- with Powhatan (who kindly entertained them to instruct ^muSer the Salvages the vse of our Armes), and their consorts not §2£jne following them as they expected ; to know the cause, they sent Francis their companion [p. 447, 456], a stout young fellow, disguised like a Salvage, to the Glasse-house, a place in the woods neare a myle from lames Towne ; where was their Randezvous for all their vnsuspected villany.

Fortie men they procured to lie in Ambuscado for Captaine Smith, who no sooner heard of this Dutch-man, but he sent to apprehend him (but he was gone) : yet to crosse his returne to Powhatan, the Captaine presently dispatched 20. [84] shot after him; himselfe returning from the Glasse-house alone.

By the way he incountred the King of Paspahegh, a most strong stout Salvage, whose perswasions not being able to perswade him to his Ambush, seeing him onely armed but with a faucheon, attempted to haue shot him, but the smith President prevented his shoot by grapling with him, and Kilf*ofhe the Salvage as well prevented him for drawing his p**tatugk faucheon, and perforce bore him into the River to haue pnsoner* drowned him. Long they strugled in the water, till the President got such hold on his throat, he had neare [>.i5t.l strangled the King; but having drawne his faucheon to cut off his head, seeing how pittifully he begged his life, he led him prisoner to lames Towne, and put him in chaynes.

The Dutch-man ere long was also brought in, whose villa[i]ny though all this time it was suspected, yet he fayned such a formall excuse, that for want of language Captaine Winne vnderstood him not rightly, and for their dealings with Powhatan, that to saue their Hues they were constrained to accommodate [him with] his armes, of whom he extreamely complained to haue detained them perforce, and that he made this escape with the hazard of his life, and meant not to haue returned, but was onely walking in the woods to gather Walnuts.

Yet for all this faire tale, there was so small appearance of truth, and [also] the plaine confession of Pasbahegh of

468 The Discoveries and Accidents, Lib. 3. [" w.i£nEl!.

L Hon. G. Percy!

(1609] his trechery, [that] he went by the heeles: Smith pur- posing to regaine the Dutch-men, by the saving his [i.e., Paspahegb's] life.

The poore Salvage did his best by his daily messengers to Powhatan, but all returned that the Dutch-men would not returne, neither did Powhatan stay them ; and to bring them fiftie myles [from Orapaks] on his mens backes they were not able. Daily this Kings wiues, children, and people came to visit him with presents, which he liberally bestowed to make his peace. Much trust they had in the Presidents promise: but the King finding his guard negli- gent, though fettered yet escaped. Captaine Winne thinking to pursue him found such troupes of Salvages to hinder his passage, as they exchanged many vollies of shot for flights of Arrowes. SSa** Captaine Smith hearing of this, in returning to the Fort

taketh two tooke two Salvages prisoners, called Kemps and Tussore, the pSerl two most exact villaines in all the Country.

With these he sent Captaine Winne and fiftie choise men, and Lieutenant Percie, to haue regained the King, and revenged this iniury.

And so [he] had done, if they had followed his directions, or beene advised with those two villaines, that would haue betrayed both King and kindred for a peece of Copper : but he trifling away the night, the Salvages the next morning by the rising of the Sunne, braved him to come ashore to \A 153.] fight. A good time both sides let fly at other, but we heard of no hurt ; onely they tooke two Canowes, burnt the Kings house, and so returned to lames towne.

The President fearing those Bravado's would but in- courage the Salvages, began againe himselfe to try his conclusions; whereby six or seauen were slaine, [and] as many made prisoners. He burnt their houses, tooke their Boats, with all their fishing wires [weirs], and planted some of them at lames towne for his owne vse, and now resolved not to cease till he had revenged himselfe of all them [that] had iniured him.

But in his iourney passing by Paspahegh towards Chicka- hamania, the Salvages did their best to draw him to their Ambuscadoes ; but seeing him regardlesly passe their Country, all shewed themselues in their bravest manner.

Ed. by w. simmonds.-j lib ^ w^ ffa second supply in Virginia. 469

To try their valours he could not but let fly ; and ere he [1609] could land, they no sconer knew him, but they threw downe Jhe^ ^ their armes and desired peace. Their Orator was a lustie des.yreges young fellow called Okaning, whose worthy discourse Peace* deserveth to be remembred. And thus it was :

Captaine Smith, my Master is here present in the company, {JJ**"* thinking it Captaine Winne, and not you, (of him he in- Oration. tended to haue beene revenged) having never offended him. If he hath offended you in escaping your imprisonment, the fishes swim, the foules fly, and the very beasts striue to escape the snare and Hue. Then blame not him being a man. He would intreat you remember, you being a prisoner, what paines he tooke to saue your life [pp. 16, 396]. If since he hath iniured you, he was compelled to it: but howsoeuer,you haue revenged it with our too great losse. We perceiue and well know you intend to destroy vs, that are here to intreat and desire your friendship; and to enioy our houses and plant our fields, of whose fruit you shall participate: otherwise you will haue the worse by our absence, for we can plant any where, [85] though with more labour, and we know you cannot Hue if you want our harvest, and that relief e we bring you. If you promise vs peace, we will beleeue you; if you proceed in revenge, we will abandon the Country.

Vpon these tearmes the President promised them peace, IP- 153-1 till they did vs iniury, vpon condition they should bring in provision. Thus all departed good friends, and so continued till Smith left the Countrey [4 Oct. 1609].

Arriving at lames Towne, complaint was made to the President, that the Chickahamanians, who all this while continued trade and seemed our friends, by colour thereof were the onely theeues. And amongst other things a Pistoll being stolne and the theefe fled, there was appre- hended two proper young fellowes, that were brothers, knowne to be his confederates.

Now to regaine this Pistoll, the one was imprisoned, the other was sent to returne the Pistoll againe within twelue houres, or his brother to be hanged. Yet the President pittyingthe poore naked Salvage in the dungeon, sent himvictuall and some Char-coale for a fire. LoolS

Ere midnight his brother returned with the Pistoll, but JJ/^'d the poore Salvage in the dungeon was so smoothered with revered.

470 The Discoveries and Accident sy Lib. 3. [" w.T^nSrd!

L Hon. G. Percy.

[1609] the smoake he had made, and so pittiously burnt, that wee found him dead. The other most lamentably beway[l]ed his death, and broke forth into such bitter agonies, that the President to quiet him, told him that if hereafter they would not steale, he would make him aliue againe : but he little thought he could be recovered. Yet we doing our best with Aqua vita and Vineger, it pleased God to restore him againe to life ; but so drunke and affrighted, that he seemed Lunaticke : the which as much tormented and grieued the other, as before to see him dead. Of which maladie vpon promise of their good behaviour, the President promised to recover him : and so caused him to be layd by a fire to sleepe ; who in the morning having well slept, had recovered his perfect senses, and then being dressed of his burning, and each a peece of Copper giuen them, they went away so well contented, that this was spread among all the Salvages Tor a miracle, that Captaine Smith could make a man aliue that was dead.

Another ingenuous Salvage of Powhatans, having gotten a great bag of Powder, and the backe of an Armour, at Werowocomoco amongst a many of his companions, to shew his extraordinary skill, he did dry it on the backe as he had seene the Souldiers at lames Towne. But he dryed it so long, they peeping over it to see his skill, it tooke fire, and blew him to death, and one or two more; and the rest [were] so scorched, they had little pleasure to meddle any more with powder.

These and many other such pretty Accidents, so amazed and affrighted both Powhatan, and all his people, that

[/. «54-i from all parts with presents they desired peace ; returning many stolne things which we never demanded nor thought of : and after that, those that were taken stealing, both Powhatan and his people haue sent them backe to lames towne, to receiue their punishment ; and all the Country became absoluteflvl as free for vs, as for themselues.

Two or three Salvages slaine in drying Powder.

^r

Ed.byw.shnmonds.j lib#^ wjth the second supply zW Virginia. 471

CHAPTER XI.

What was done in three moneths having Victualls,

The Store devoured by Rats, how we lined

three moneths of such naturall fruits

as the Country affoorded.

Ow we so quietly followed our businesse, that in [1609] three moneths [Feb. — April 1609] wee made three or foure Last of Tarre, Pitch, and Sope ashes ; produced a tryall of Glasse ; made a Well in the Fort of excellent sweet water, which till then was wanting ; built some twentie houses ; re-covered our Church : provided Nets and W[e]ires for fishing ; and to stop the disorders of our disorderly theeues, and the Salvages, built a Blockhouse in the neck of our Isle, kept by a Garrison to entertaine [86] the Saluages trade, and none to passe nor repasse Saluage nor Christian without the presidents order. Thirtie or forty Acres of ground we digged and planted. Of three sowes in eighteene moneths, increased 60 and od Piggs. And neere 500. chickings brought vp themselues without hau- ing any meat giuen them : but the Hogs were transported to Hog. Isle : where also we built ablock-house with a garison to giue vs notice of any shipping, and for their exercise they made Clapbord and waynscot, and cut downe trees.

We built also a fort for a retreat neere a conuenient Riuer vpon a high commanding hill, very hard to be assalted and easie to be defended ; but ere it was finished this defect caused a stay.

In searching our casked corne [April 1609], we found it fju-emiue halfe rotten, and the rest so consumed with so many by Rats, thousands of Rats that increased so fast, but the [i] re originall [/. 155-1 was from the ships, as we knew not how to keepe that little we had. This did driue vs all to our wits end, for there was nothing in the country but what nature afforded.

Vntill this time Kemps and Tassore were fettered prisoners, and did double taske and taught vs how to order and plant our fields: whom now for want of victuall we set at liberty, but so well they liked our companies they did not desire to goe from us.

Bread made of dried Sturgeon.

472 The Discoveries and Accidents ;